Skip to main content

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable risk factors for secondary Shigella transmission to 337 contacts within 102 households*, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2002–2009

From: Risk factors for secondary transmission of Shigellainfection within households: implications for current prevention policy

Exposure

Total no. of household contacts

Any secondary transmission

 

Univariable

  

Multivariable

 
 

N

n

%

RR

95% CI

p value

RR

95% CI

p value

      

Lower

Upper

  

Lower

Upper

 

Contact characteristics (n=337 contacts)

Total

 

337

25

7.4

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Age-group

 

≥ 6 years

260

17

6.5

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 

0–3

48

3

6.3

1.0

0.3

3.3

0.943

1.0

0.3

3.2

0.979

 

4–5

29

5

17.2

2.6

1.0

6.8

0.046

1.3

0.6

3.0

0.527

Gender

 

Female

171

17

9.9

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

Male

166

8

4.8

0.5

0.2

1.2

0.109

    

Country of birth

 

Netherlands / Other Western

97

7

7.2

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

Other

236

18

7.6

1.1

0.5

2.3

0.890

    

Diarrhoea

 

No

228

5

2.2

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 

Yes

87

20

23.0

10.5

3.7

29.9

<0.001

8.0

2.7

23.8

<0.001

Hospitalised

 

No

336

24

7.1

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

Yes

1

1

100.0

-

-

-

-

    

Household factors (n=102 households)

Household size

 

2–4 persons (in 61 households)

128

5

3.9

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 

5–6 persons (in 24 households)

96

5

5.2

1.3

0.4

4.8

0.658

1.4

0.4

4.6

0.570

 

>6 persons (in 17 households)

113

15

13.3

3.4

1.3

8.7

0.011

3.1

0.9

10.1

0.064

Age of primary case in household

 

≥ 6 years

218

11

5.1

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 

0–3

58

6

10.3

2.1

0.8

5.5

0.152

2.6

1.0

7.1

0.061

 

4–5

61

8

13.1

2.6

1.2

5.7

0.018

1.9

0.8

4.5

0.163

Gender of primary case in household

 

Female

174

9

5.2

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

Male

163

16

9.8

1.9

0.9

4.1

0.103

    

Primary case in household hospitalised

 

No

264

21

8.0

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

Yes

73

4

5.5

1.0

0.9

1.2

0.405

    

Time from date of onset to notification of primary case

 

≤1 week

95

9

9.5

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

    
 

1–3 weeks

146

8

5.5

0.6

0.2

1.5

0.262

    
 

>3 weeks

96

8

8.3

0.9

0.4

2.0

0.761

    
  1. *The unit of analysis is the individual contact (n=337) and cluster characteristics are at the household level: household size, age and gender of the primary case in the household, whether they were hospitalised and time from date of onset to notification of primary case, as above.