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Table 1 Maternal and infant characteristics by exposure to infant HIV status (N=737)

From: Growth patterns among HIV-exposed infants receiving nevirapine prophylaxis in Pune, India

Characteristics

Total N = 737

HIV -uninfected N = 644

HIV- infected* N = 93

P-value#

Baseline Maternal Characteristics

 

Age in years, Median (IQR)

23 (21,25)

23 (21,25)

24 (21,26)

0.082

Hindu Religion, n (%)

570 (78)

493 (77)

77 (83)

0.212

Married, n (%)

714 (97)

624 (98)

90 (97)

0.681

Nuclear Family, n (%)

351 (48)

306 (48)

45 (48)

0.928

≤ Primary School Education, n (%)

294 (40)

250 (39)

44 (47)

0.129

Housewife/Unemployed, n (%)

594 (81)

525 (82)

69 (74)

0.066

Parity, Median (IQR)

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

1 (1, 2)

0.004

Gestational Age at Delivery, Median (IQR)

32 (28,35)

32 (28,35)

32 (26,34)

0.069

Hemoglobin at Delivery, Median (IQR)

10.7 (9.2, 11.9)

10.8 (9.2, 10.8)

10.1 (8.8, 11.5)

<0.0001

CD4 Counts (in 100 s), Median (IQR)

4.6 (3.1, 6.5)

4.7 (3.34, 6.4)

3.2 (1.9, 5.3)

<0.0001

log10 Viral Load, Median (IQR)

3.9 (3.2, 4.5)

3.8 (3.1, 4.4)

4.7 (4.0, 5.1)

<0.0001

Baseline Infant Characteristics

Male Gender, n(%)

390 (53)

343 (53)

47 (51)

0.623

HIV Positive at Birth, n (%)

28 (4)

--

28 (30)

--

Birth Weight, Median (IQR)

2.6 (2.4, 3.0)

2.7 (2.4, 3.0)

2.6 (2.5, 2.6)

0.292

Low Birth Weight (< 2.5 kg) n (%)

207 (28)

181 (28)

26 (28)

0.941

Birth Length, Median (IQR)

46 (45, 48)

46 (45, 48)

46 (45, 47)

0.865

Weight for Height Z-score, Median (IQR)

−0.03 (−1.1, 0.6)

−0.03 (−1.2, 0.7)

−0.04 (−0.8, 0.6)

0.908

Wasting, n (%)

62 (10)

57 (11)

5 (7)

0.299

Length for Age Z-score, Median (IQR)

−1.7 (−2.2, –1.0)

−1.7 (−2.2, –1.0)

−1.7 (−2.6, –1.2)

0.922

Stunting, n (%)

339 (47)

295 (46)

44 (48)

0.795

Weight for Age Z-score, Median (IQR)

−1.5 (−2.0, –0.7)

−1.5 (−2.0, –0.7)

−1.7 (−2.0, –0.7)

0.408

Underweight, n (%)

190 (26)

165 (26)

25 (27)

0.828

Infant Gestational Age in Weeks, Median (IQR)

38 (38, 38)

38 (38, 38)

38 (38, 38)

0.434

Hemoglobin at Birth, Median (IQR)

17.3 (15.7, 18.7)

17.3 (15.7, 18.8)

17.3 (15.7, 18.5)

0.868

Normal Vaginal Delivery, n (%)

590 (80)

513 (80)

77 (83)

0.513

Follow-up Variables

Exclusive Breastfeeding (days), Median (IQR)

98 (97, 100)

98 (97, 100)

98 (72, 100)

0.606

Exclusive Breastfeeding, n (%)

    

< 1 Month

61 (8)

54 (8)

7 (8)

0.741

1 – 4 Months

587 (80)

512 (79)

75 (81)

 

4 – 6 Months

46 (6)

42 (6)

4 (4)

 

>6 Months

43 (6)

36 (6)

7 (8)

 

Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event, n (%)

261 (35)

214 (33)

47 (51)

0.001

Hospitalization, n (%)

156 (21)

122 (19)

34 (37)

<0.0001

  1. * HIV-infected group includes infants infected at any time during the 12-month follow-up period.
  2. # P values for comparison of median values based on Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test, and for comparison of proportions, based on χ2 test.