Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device–associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2008: A retrospective observational study

Table 2 Pathogens isolated from device–associated infections during 2000–2008

Isolated pathogens	Ventilator–associated pneumonia	Central line–associated bloodstream infection	Catheter–associated urinary tract infection
	(%)(n = 500)	(%)(n = 323)	(%)(n = 467)
Gram–positive cocci	18.0	30.2	15.9
Staphylococcus aureus	17.4*	20.4*	2.6
coagulase–negative staphylococcus	0	4.6	1.5
Enterococcus sp.	0	3.4	10.5*
others	0	1.5	0.4
Gram–positive bacilli	0.6	0.3	0.9
Gram–negative bacilli	79.6	44.7	48.2
Enterobacteriaceae	14.6	11.8	25.3
Escherichia Coli	2.4	2.8	9.9*
Klebsiella pneumoniae	9.4	5.0	9.2
Proteus Mirabilis	0.2	0.3	2.6
Serratia marcescens	1.0	3.7	1.7
Enterobacter sp.	1.6	0	1.9
non fermentative Gram negative bacilli	62.2	27.3	19.9
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	18.2*	5.6	8.8
Acinetobacter baumannii	23.0*	14.9*	6.9
Burkholderia cepacia	4.8	2.2	1.3
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	12.4	3.1	1.3
others	3.8	1.5	1.7
other Gram–negative bacilli	2.8	5.5	2.9
Yeast	2.4	25.1	35.9
Candida Albicans	0.2	14.6*	4.9
non–albicans Candida spp.	0.2	6.2	3.4
others	2.0	4.3	27.6*

*The first three common pathogens isolated in site–specific device–associated infection.