Table 2 Clinical characteristics of Haemophilus bacteremia according to 30-day CFR
Median (interquartile range) or percentage | Non-survivors | Survivors | OR | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 23 | n = 82 | ||||
Gender (female) | 47.8% (11/23) | 41.5% (34/82) | 1.29 (0.51-3.28) | 0.64 | |
Age | 69 (60–83) | 69 (50–77) | 1.03 (1.00-1.05) | 0.07 | |
0-64 years | 34.8% (8/23) | 46.3% (38/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
65-80 years | 26.1% (6/23) | 35.4% (29/82) | 0.98 (0.31-3.15) | 0.98 | |
>80 years | 39.1% (9/23) | 18.3% (15/82) | 2.85 (0.93-8.77) | 0.07 | |
Haemophilus species | |||||
Nontypeable | 82.6% (19/23) | 69.5% (57/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
Typeable | 8.7% (2/23) | 18.3% (15/82) | 0.40 (0.08-1.91) | 0.25 | |
Others | 8.7% (2/23) | 12.2% (10/82) | 0.60 (0.12-2.99) | 0.53 | |
Polymicrobial bacteremia | 21.7% (5/23) | 3.7% (3/82) | 7.32 (1.60-33.5) | 0.01 | |
Charlson index | |||||
Low (0) | 30.4% (7/23) | 45.1% (37/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
Medium (1–2) | 52.2% (12/23) | 39.0% (32/82) | 1.98 (0.70-5.64) | 0.20 | |
High (>2) | 17.4% (4/23) | 15.9% (13/82) | 1.63 (0.41-6.47) | 0.49 | |
Smoking | 50.0% (11/22) | 46.8% (37/79) | 1.14 (0.44-2.92) | 0.81 | |
Alcohol abuse | 45.0% (9/20) | 16.9% (13/77) | 4.03 (1.40-11.67) | 0.01 | |
Immunosuppression | 13.6% (3/22) | 24.1% (20/83) | 0.50 (0.13-1.86) | 0.39 | |
Focus of infection | |||||
Lung | 52.2% (12/23) | 46.3% (38/82) | 1.29 (0.50-3.19) | 0.64 | |
Upper respiratory tract | 0.0% (0/23) | 7.3% (6/82) | 0.25 (0.01-4.62) | 0.34 | |
Meningitis | 8.7% (2/23) | 2.4% (2/82) | 3.81 (0.51-28.67) | 0.21 | |
Endocarditis | 0.0% (0/23) | 3.7% (3/82) | 0.48 (0.02-9.70) | >0.99 | |
Hepato-billiary | 4.3% (1/23) | 9.8% (8/82) | 0.42 (0.05-3.55) | 0.68 | |
Miscellaneous | 4.3% (1/23) | 12.2% (10/82) | 0.33 (0.04-2.70) | 0.45 | |
Unknown | 30.4% (7/23) | 19.5% (16/82) | 1.81 (0.64-5.12) | 0.27 | |
Acquisition of bacteremia | |||||
Community-acquired | 43.5% (10/23) | 62.2% (51/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
Healthcare-related | 26.1% (6/23) | 30.5% (25/82) | 1.22 (0.40-3.75) | 0.72 | |
Hospital-acquired | 30.4% (7/23) | 7.3% (6/82) | 5.95 (1.65-21.48) | <0.01 | |
Hospital specialty | |||||
Medical | 56.5% (13/23) | 69.5% (57/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
Surgical | 21.7% (5/23) | 15.9% (13/82) | 1.69 (0.51-5.57) | 0.39 | |
Intensive care unit | 17.4% (4/23) | 2.4% (2/82) | 8.78 (1.45-53.1) | 0.02 | |
Othersa | 4.3% (1/23) | 12.2% (10/82) | 0.44 (0.05-3.73) | 0.45 | |
Altered mental state | 65.2% (15/23) | 18.5% (15/81) | 8.25 (2.96-23.00) | <0.01 | |
Temp. <38 | 40.9% (9/22) | 20.0% (16/80) | 2.77 (1.01-7.61) | <0.05 | |
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 97 (86–113) (n = 22) | 90 (81–100) (n = 76) | 1.03 (1.00-1.06) | 0.15 | |
Heart rate | 100 (84–112) (n = 22) | 95 (80–108) (n = 76) | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 0.46 | |
B-hgb (mmol/L) | 7.3 (6.3-9.0) (n = 21) | 7.3 (6.5-8.4) (n = 69) | 1.08 (0.75-1.55) | 0.7 | |
B-WBC (109 cells/L) | 13.3 (11.6-17.6) (n = 23) | 14.2 (8.3-20) (n = 75) | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) | 0.61 | |
P-creatinine (μmol/L) | 91 (61–141) (n = 21) | 82 (61–120) (n = 64) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.97 | |
Abnormal liver parametersb | 58.8% (10/17) | 54.7% (29/53) | 1.18 (0.39-3.58) | >0.99 | |
P-CRP (mg/L) | 175 (96–270) (n = 21) | 175 (97–257) (n = 76) | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | 0.97 | |
Transfer to ICU | 30.4% (7/23) | 13.6% (11/81) | 2.78 (0.93-8.30) | 0.11 | |
Shock | 22.7% (5/22) | 3.75% (3/80) | 7.55 (1.64-34.68) | 0.01 | |
Mechanical ventilation | 26.1% (6/23) | 8.6% (7/81) | 3.73 (1.11-12.53) | 0.04 | |
Hemodialysis | 4.5% (1/22) | 4.9% (4/81) | 0.92 (0.10-8.64) | >0.99 | |
Inadequate empiric antibiotic therapy | 8.7% (2/23) | 12.2% (10/82) | 0.69 (0.14-3.38) | >0.99 | |
Definitive antibiotic therapy | |||||
Benzylpenicillin | 45.5% (10/22) | 19.5% (16/82) | 1 (reference) | ||
Aminopenicillin | 0% (0/22) | 14.6% (12/82) | Not determinedc | <0.02 d | |
Cefuroxime | 27.2% (6/22) | 53.7% (44/82) | 0.22 (0.07-0.70) | 0.01 | |
Broadspectrum antibiotics | 27.2% (6/22) | 12.2% (10/82) | 0.96 (0.27-3.47) | 0.95 | |