Table 1 Studies reporting chlamydia prevalence data, identified in general practice or community settings

General Population

Hocking [16]

VIC (Melb)

Women recruited from the telephone directory

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

43

F

18–35

2003–2004

657

6

0.9 (0.3, 2.0)

(18–24)

135

5

3.7 (1.2, 8.4)

(25–35)

489

1

0.2 (0.0, 1.1)

Community

Debattista [17]

QLD (Bris)

University students at residential colleges

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

30–50

F

<25

1997

178

2

1.1 (0.1, 4.0)*

M

96

0

0 (0.0, 3.8)*

Debattista [18]

QLD (Bris)

High school students

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

30–50

F

15–18

1998–2001

516

12

2.3 (1.2, 4.0)**

M

(1998)

170

2

1.2 (0.2, 4.6)*

(1999)

147

5

3.4 (1.3, 8.2)*

(2000)

101

0

0 (0.0, 4.6)*

(2001)

98

5

5.1 (1.9, 12.1)*

1998–2001

658

3

0.5 (0.1, 1.3)**

(1998)

339

0

0 (0.0, 1.4)*

(1999)

132

1

0.8 (0.0, 4.8)*

(2000)

94

0

0 (0.0, 4.9)*

(2001)

93

2

2.2 (0.4, 8.3)*

Bowden [19]

ACT

High school students

Cross-sectional survey

F: urine/ swab

31

F

15–20

2002–2003

273

2

0.7 (0.1, 2.6)

M

179

3

1.7 (0.3, 4.8)

M: urine

Davis [20]

ACT

Tertiary students recruited at outreach screening services

Clinical outreach pilot

Urine

29.4

M/F

16–26

2007

445

8

1.8 (0.1, 3.5)*

Gold [21]

VIC (rural/ regional)

Men attending rural football clubs

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

85

M

16–29

2006–2007

77

3

3.9 (0.8, 11.0)

Wade [22]

VIC (Melb)

Heterosexual men attending sporting clubs

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

87

M

16–29

n.r.

47

4

8.5 (2.4, 20.4)**

Buhrer-Skinner [23]

QLD (Towns-ville)

Individuals attending outreach screening services set up in a variety of community locations

Cross-sectional survey

M: urine

n.r.

M/F

21^A

2004–2005

303

15

5.0 (2.8, 8.0)*

F: urine/ swab

(M)

25

75

5

Army: 6.7 (2.2, 14.9)

(M/F)

21

95

5

University: 5.3 (1.7, 11.9)

(M/F)

17

68

0

High school festivities: 0 (0, 5.3)

(M/F)

25

65

5

Backpackers: 7.7 (2.5, 17.0)

Kong [24]; Kong [25]

VIC (rural/ regional)

Young people attending sporting clubs

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

>95

F

16–29

2007

121

9

7.4 (3.5, 13.7)**

M

426

19

4.5 (2.7, 6.9)

Sacks-Davis [26]

VIC (Melb)

Young people attending a music festival

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

21

F

16–29

2009

46

0

0 (0.0, 7.7)*

M

21

1

4.8 (0.1, 23.8)*

Davies [27]

NSW (Sydney)

Young international backpackers recruited at hostels

Cross-sectional survey

F: swab

45.7

F

18–30

2009

207

8

3.9 (1.7, 7.5)

M: urine

50.2

M

(≤25)

166

5

3.0 (1.0, 6.9)*

(26–30)

41

3

7.3 (1.5, 19.9)*

18–30

225

7

3.1 (1.3, 6.3)

(≤25)

164

6

3.7 (1.4, 7.8)*

(26–30)

61

1

1.6 (0.4, 8.8)*

General Practice

Heal [28]

QLD (Mackay)

Young people attending general practices

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

68

F/M

18–24

2001

443

17

3.8 (2.3, 6.1)*

Chiang [29]

VIC (rural)

Women attending general practices

Cross-sectional survey

Swab

n.d.

F

15–35

n.r.

67

9

13.4 (6.3, 24.0)*

Toyne [30]

ACT

Women attending general practices

Cross-sectional survey

Swab

n.d.

F

17–39

2002–2003

353

4

1.1 (0.3, 2.9)

Bowden [31]

ACT

Women attending general practices

Cluster randomised controlled trial

Swab/ urine

6.9 in intervention; 4.5 in control

F

16–39

2004–2005

1593

69

4.3 (3.4, 5.5)

(16–19)

196

10

5.1 (2.5, 9.2)

(20–25)

576

37

6.4 (4.6, 8.7)

(26–30)

425

19

4.5 (2.7, 6.9)

(31–39)

396

3

0.7 (0.2, 2.2)

Hince [32]

WA (Perth)

Men attending general practices

Cross-sectional survey

Urine

63–100

M

15–29

2007–2008

383

14

3.7 (2.0, 6.1)**

Bilardi [33]

VIC (urban and rural)

Women attending general practices

Cluster randomised controlled trial

Any

6.2–11.5

F

16–24

2008–2009

843

66

7.8 (6.1, 9.9)*

Walker [34]

Australia-wide

Women attending primary health care clinics

Cross-sectional survey

Swab

66

F

16–25

2007–2008

738

25

3.4 (1.5, 5.3)