From: Epidemiological characteristics and societal burden of varicella zoster virus in the Netherlands
 | Complication rates all ages | Complication rates (%) per age group |  | Corrected rates (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 5,273) | (n) | (%) | (95% CI) | 0-4 | 5-9 | 10-19 | >20 | All ages | (95% CI) | <10 | (95% CI) |
Upper respiratory tract. ENT complications | |||||||||||
Conjunctivitis | 162 | 3.07 | (2.64-3.57) | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 2.08* | (1.58-2.57) | 1.98* | (1.38-2.58) |
Otitis media | 619 | 11.74 | (10.90-12.64) | 13.7 | 8.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 7.49* | (6.56-8.42) | 7.48* | (6.32-8.64) |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 942 | 17.86 | (16.85-18.92) | 21.0 | 10.3 | 3.0 | 13.5 | 13.03* | (11.93-14.12) | 12.82* | (11.50-14.15) |
Lymphadenitis | 32 | 0.61 | (0.43-0.86) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.51* | (0.29-0.72) | 0.57* | (0.32-0.82) |
Tonsillitis | 219 | 4.15 | (3.65-4.73) | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.84* | (2.27-3.41) | 2.26* | (1.53-2.99) |
Pharyngitis | 46 | 0.87 | (0.65-1.16) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.32* | (0.04-0.60) | 0.32 | (0.00-0.64) |
Sum of complications | 2.020 | 38.31 | (37.01-39.63) | 44 | 26.8 | 11.4 | 25.3 | 26.27 | Â | 25.43 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 1.516 | 28.75 | (27.54-29.99) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lower respiratory tract complications | |||||||||||
Pneunomia | 41 | 0.78 | (0.57-1.05) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.63* | (0.39-0.88) | 0.49* | (0.23-0.76) |
Bronchitis | 163 | 3.09 | (2.66-3.59) | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.26* | (1.77-2.75) | 2.41* | (1.83-3.00) |
Sum of complications | 204 | 3.87 | (3.38-4.42) | 4.3 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 2.89 | Â | 2.90 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 199 | 3.77 | (3.29-4.32) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Skin infectious/cutaneous complications | |||||||||||
Pyoderma | 7 | 0.13 | (0.06-0.27) | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.05 | (−0.06-0.16) | 0.11* | (0.01-0.20) |
Abscess | 19 | 0.36 | (0.23-0.56) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.04 | (−0.15-0.23) | 0.20* | (0.01-0.39) |
Skin infection | 37 | 0.70 | (0.51-0.97) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.52* | (0.28-0.76) | 0.63* | (0.38-0.88) |
Scar Tissue | 53 | 1.01 | (0.77-1.31) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.21 | (−0.10-0.51) | 0.39* | (0.07-0.71) |
Impetigo | 196 | 3.72 | (3.24-4.26) | 4.1 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.04* | (2.51-3.57) | 2.49* | (1.82-3.15) |
Sum of complications | 312 | 5.92 | (5.31-6.59) | 6.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 3.86 | Â | 3.82 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 297 | 5.63 | (5.04-6.29) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Neurologic complications | |||||||||||
Neuralgia | 2 | 0.04 | (0.01-0.14) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.02 | (−0.03-0.08) | 0.00 |  |
Meningitis | 3 | 0.06 | (0.02-0.17) | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.05 | (−0.02-0.12) | 0.04 | (−0.02-0.10) |
Encephalitis | 1 | 0.02 | (0.00-0.11) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) |
Convulsion | 37 | 0.70 | (0.51-0.97) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.69* | (0.46-0.91) | 0.77* | (0.51-1.02) |
Ataxia (Cerebellitis) | 1 | 0.02 | (0.00-0.11) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) |
Movement and stability dysfunction | 1 | 0.02 | (0.00-0.11) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) | 0.00 | (0.00-0.00) |
Facial Palsy | 2 | 0.04 | (0.01-0.14) | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.04 | (−0.01-0.09) | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) |
Coma | 1 | 0.02 | (0.00-0.11) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) | 0.00 | (0.00-0.00) |
Sum of complications | 48 | 0.91 | (0.69-1.20) | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.88 | Â | 0.87 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 48 | 0.91 | (0.69-1.20) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gastrointestinal tract complications | |||||||||||
Stomatitis | 16 | 0.30 | (0.19-0.49) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.27* | (0.12-0.43) | 0.27* | (0.10-0.45) |
Gastroenteritis | 125 | 2.37 | (1.99-2.82) | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 1.46* | (1.84-2.67) | 1.60* | (1.07-2.13) |
Sum of complications | 141 | 2.67 | (2.27-3.15) | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.73 | Â | 1.87 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 139 | 2.64 | (2.24-3.10) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Complications due to (systemic) bacterial infections | |||||||||||
Sepsis | 4 | 0.08 | (0.03-0.19) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.07 | (−0.01-0.14) | 0.09 | (0.00-0.17) |
Osteomyelitis | 1 | 0.02 | (0.00-0.11) | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) |
Pyogen arthritis | 3 | 0.06 | (0.02-0.17) | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.06 | (−0.01-0.12) | 0.02 | (−0.02-0.06) |
Sum of complications | 8 | 0.15 | (0.08-0.30) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.15 | Â | 0.13 | Â |
Total number of patientsa | 8 | 0.15 | (0.08-0.30) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Symptoms | |||||||||||
Mouth blisters | 55 | 1.04 | (0.80-1.36) | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.98* | (0.70-1.26) | 0.86* | (0.56-1.16) |
Coughing | 757 | 14.36 | (13.44-15.33) | 17.0 | 8.7 | 1.8 | 9.4 | 10.50* | (9.50-11.50) | 10.83* | (9.63-12.03) |
Snivelling | 237 | 4.49 | (3.97-5.09) | 6.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 4.18* | (3.62-4.75) | 4.45* | (3.79-5.11) |
Fever | 2.550 | 48.36 | (47.01-49.71) | 51.5 | 40.2 | 37.0 | 44.0 | 39.91* | (38.48-41.34) | 37.96* | (36.25-39.68) |
Fatigue | 401 | 7.60 | (6.92-8.35) | 9.3 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 6.02* | (5.27-6.76) | 7.02* | (6.17-7.86) |
Emesis/Vomiting | 417 | 7.91 | (7.21-8.67) | 9.1 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 6.47* | (5.72-7.23) | 6.34* | (5.45-7.24) |
Problems Eating/drinking | 664 | 12.59 | (11.72-13.52) | 15.2 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 10.73* | (9.81-11.65) | 11.75* | (10.70-12.81) |
Pruritis/Itching | 1.845 | 34.99 | (33.71-36.29) | 32.1 | 40.0 | 44.2 | 45.2 | 27.82* | (26.46-29.17) | 28.11* | (26.59-29.63) |
Skin rash/Exanthema | 439 | 8.33 | (7.61-9.10) | 8.2 | 6.8 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 7.46* | (6.69-8.22) | 7.02* | (6.19-7.84) |
Dehydration/Diarreah | 433 | 8.21 | (7.50-8.98) | 10.0 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 6.72* | (5.95-7.49) | 7.04* | (6.13-7.94) |