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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the recruited children by IPD status

From: The status of invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years of age in north-west Lombardy, Italy

Characteristic

 

IPD†

 
 

All recruited (n = 135)

Non-confirmed (n = 118)

Confirmed (n = 15)

P-value§

Age (y)

   

0.787

 <2

58 (43.0)

50 (42.4)

7 (46.7)

 

 2-4

77 (57.0)

68 (57.6)

8 (53.3)

 

Sex (boy)

75 (55.6)

63 (53.4)

11 (73.3)

0.175

Race (White)§§

116 (85.9)

101 (85.6)

13 (86.7)

1.000

Having been breastfed (yes)

103 (76.3)

92 (78.0)

10 (66.7)

0.340

Siblings (yes)

68 (50.4)

62 (52.5)

5 (33.3)

0.182

Having a parent smoking (yes)

31 (23.0)

29 (24.6)

2 (13.3)

0.519

Attending a community (yes)

54 (40.0)

45 (38.1)

8 (53.3)

0.276

Co-morbidity conditions§§§ (yes)

2 (1.5)

---

2 (13.3)

0.012*

Having received pneumococcal vaccine (yes)

47 (34.8)

41 (34.7)

4 (26.7)

0.773

Type (conjugate/polysaccharide)

41/6

36/5

3/1

0.448

Doses (n)§§§§

   

0.551

 1

15 (31.9)

14 (34.1)

1 (25.0)

 

 2

18 (38.3)

17 (41.5)

1 (25.0)

 

 ≥3

14 (29.8)

10 (24.4)

2 (50.0)

 

Median (range) age at the first dose of vaccine (mo) §§§§

6.5 (2–40)

6.0 (2–35)

9.5 (4–40)

0.250

Having received antibiotic therapy during the week before recruitment (yes)

40 (29.6)

38 (32.2)

1 (6.7)

0.067

  1. Data are number (percentage within group) of children, except age at the first vaccination.
  2. †In two cases the IPD status was not available.
  3. §Significance of difference between confirmed and non-confirmed IPD groups (Fisher’s exact test or Mann Whitney U test). *: Statistically significant.
  4. §§Other races included Afro/Afro-American (n = 13), Asian (n = 1) and mixed-races (n = 5).
  5. §§§Sickle cell anaemia (n = 1) and cardiovascular disease. Both children did not receive pneumococcal vaccine.
  6. §§§§ In children who received pneumococcal vaccine.