Figure 5

T-cell exhaustion among HIV-infected patients after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy with sustained HIV-RNA viral suppression. T-cell exhaustion was measured by expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) by CD4 and CD8 cells (CD4 PD1+ and CD8 PD1+). The percentages of CD4 PD1+ and CD8 PD1+ T-cells were plotted against CD4 count reconstitution. Exhaustion of CD4 and CD8 T-cells was significantly higher among patients with suboptimal CD4 reconstitution (patients that lie within the lowest quartile of CD4 increase) relative to optimal responders (patients that lie within the middle quartiles of CD4 increase and super-optimal responders (patients that lie within the highest quartile of CD4 increase) P = 0.001. The boxes span the 25^th and 75^th percentile values, the error bars span the 10^th and 90^th percentile values, and the dots represent individual observations above the 90^th percentile values.