Antibiotic resistance in primary care in Austria - a systematic review of scientific and grey literature

Kathryn Hoffmann; Gernot Wagner; Petra Apfalter; Manfred Maier

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-330

Table 3 Selected resistance findings from the ambulatory sector only of the most up-to-date grey literature included

From: Antibiotic resistance in primary care in Austria - a systematic review of scientific and grey literature

Location	Pathogen	Tested isolates		Antibiotics	Resistance in %		Additional information
2009 and 2008 AURES [39, 61]Bundesministerium f. Gesundheit Österreich
		2008	2009		2008	2009	2008	2009
Respiratory tract	S. pyogenes	977	1,440	PEN	0	0
		1,436	1,433	macrolides	3.6	3.3
		1,438	1,356	fluoroquinolones	0.7	0.3
	S. pneumoniae	510	454	PEN	0.8	1.8
		510	454	macrolides	14.5	13.4
		506	455	fluoroquinolones	0.8	0.2
	H. influenzae	1,244	1,255	AMP or AMX	9.4	9.6
		1,244	1,255	AMC	0	0.1
		1,244	1,234	fluoroquinolones	0.2	0
All locations	S. aureus	2,395	3,970	OXA	2.4	2.1	MRSA 2.4%	MRSA 2.1%
		2,994	3,746	macrolides	14.5	14.9
		3,045	3,757	CLI	6.9	9.7
		3,277	3,547	SXT	0,8	0.6
		1,633	3,886	fluoroquinolones	3.8	3.6
Urinary tract	E coli	8,992	11,218	AMP or AMX	39.8	43.9	ESBL 6.0%	ESBL 6.4%
		8,985	11,219	AMC	5.8	9.2
		9,088	11,107	cephalosporin 1^st	8.5	9.7
		8,992	11,225	SXT	24.6	27.5
		8,992	11,241	fluoroquinolones	15.7	18.8
		8,789	10,738	NIT	2.2	2.7
		4,361	4,893	MEL	12.2	6.8
		5,489	7,799	FOF	1.5	2.3
	P.mirabilis	n/a	n/a
Location	Pathogen	Tested isolates		Antibiotics		Resistance in %	Additional information
2010 Medical University Graz, Department for Hygiene and Microbiology [70]
Respiratory tract	S. pyogenes	n/a
	S. pneumoniae	n/a
	H. influenzae	n/a
	S. aureus	444		OXA	2.5		MRSA 2.5%
		441		SXT	0
		434		CIP	3
		444		ERY	14.9
		444		CLI	13.7
Urinary tract	E. coli	3,907		AMX	61.4		ESBL 7.4%
		3,907		AMC	37.5
		3,902		CFX	6.3
		3,907		TMP	27.6
		3,907		SXT	27.2
		3,881		FOF	0.8
		3,907		CIP	18.5
		3,905		NIT	0.4
2009 Laboratory Dr Richter and Dr Mustafa, Section for Microbiology, Salzburg [62]
Respiratory tract	S. pyogenes	n/a
	S. pneumoniae	n/a
	H. influenzae	n/a
Skin and soft tissue	S. aureus	938		OXA	3		MRSA 3%
		938		AMC	3
		938		CFX	3
		938		ERY	13
		938		CLIN	3
		938		SXT	1
		938		MXF	3
Urinary tract	E. coli	2,506		AMP	40		ESBL 4%
		2,506		AMC	6
		2,506		CFX	6
		2,506		SXT	26
		2,499		NIT	1
		2,506		CIP	16
		2,504		FOF	1
	P. mirabilis	n/a
2009 Medical University Innsbruck, Section for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology [78]
Respiratory tract	S. pyogenes	187		PEN	0
		187		AZM	5.8
		187		MXF	2.1
	S. pneumoniae	115		PEN	0
		115		AZM	12.1
		115		MXF	0.87
	H. influenzae	76		AMP	25
		76		AMC	0
		76		MXF	0
All locations	S. aureus	676		FOX	1.48		MRSA 6%
		610		AZM	20.9
		610		CLIN	18
		674		SXT	1.03
		609		MXF	1.97
Urinary tract	E. coli	3,112		AMP	58		ESBL 9%
		3,104		AMC	20
		3,101		CFZ	17
		3,112		SXT	33
		3,112		CIP	26
		3,097		MEC	7
		3,111		NIT	7
2009 County Hospital Leoben, Bacteriological Laboratory [73]
Respiratory tract	S. pyogenes	n/a
	S. pneumoniae	n/a
	H. influenzae	n/a
	S. aureus	141		AMC	1.4
		141		OXA	1.4
		141		CFZ	1.4
		140		CLIN	11.4
		140		ERY	12.1
		140		CIP	0.7
Urinary tract	E. coli	310		AMP	41
		310		AMC	10
		310		CFZ	10.0
		309		TMP	29.5
		310		CIP	20,0
		309		NIT	1.9
		27		MEC	11.1
	P. mirabilis	28		AMC	10.7
		28		CFZ	17.9
		28		TMP	53.6
		28		CIP	17.9
Hell [80]
Urinary tract	E. coli ESBL-producing	100		MEC	11
		100		FOF	3
		100		NIT	1
		100		SXT	73
		100		CIP	78

Abbr.: FOF, fosfomycin; MEL, pivmecillinam; NIT, nitrofurantoin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; CIP, ciprofloxacin; PEN, penicillin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; AMP, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanate; MEC, mecillinam; TMP, trimethoprim; SUL, sulfamethoxazole; AZM, azithromycin; CFZ, cefazolin; FOX, cefoxitin; OXA, oxacillin; MXF, moxifloxacin
n/a: Resistance data of isolates from primary care alone not available

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