Clinical outcome of pneumococcal meningitis during the emergence of pencillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: an observational study

Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios for death during hospitalization from final regression model stratified according to whether or not patient received initial ceftriaxone therapy.

Characteristics	Initial ceftriaxone therapy (N = 247)	Initial antibiotic other than ceftriaxone (N = 164)
	Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) ^a
Age category
<1 years	3.44 (1.58-7.48)	2.55 (1.21-5.39) ^b
1-4 years	4.16 (1.67-10.38)
5-14 years	2.61 (0.86-7.94)	1.0^b
15-50 years	1.0
>50 years	1.72 (0.63-4.68)	2.61 (1.07-6.39)
Clinical presentation
Coma on admission	2.42 (1.36-4.30)	2.82 (1.43-5.56)
Laboratory values
Blood leukocyte count < 15,000 cells/μL	4.38 (2.33-8.25)	2.68 (1.26-5.69)
CSF protein >300 mg/dL^c	2.72 (1.44-5.14)	1.19 (0.45-3.15)
Pneumococcal isolate resistant to penicillin^d	1.68 (1.02-2.76)	1.37 (0.65-2.89)
Serotype 14	0.48 (0.25-0.90)	0.52 (0.14-1.93)

NOTE: CI, confidence interval; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration.
^a Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable Cox proportional hazards model including age category, presence of coma, CSF protein >300 mg/dL, blood leukocyte count <15,000 cells/μL, penicillin MIC >0.06 μg/ml and serotype 14.
^b For patients who received initial antibiotic therapy other than ceftriaxone, age categories for <1 and 1-4 years, and for 5-14 and 15-50 years were combined.
^c CSF protein measured at time of admission; data missing for 12 case patients.
^d Defined as penicillin MIC >0.06 μg/ml for a pneumococcal isolate from a patient with meningitis.

ISSN: 1471-2334