|
Characteristic
|
Time period a
|
Total
|
|---|
| |
Dec 1995--Nov 1998
|
Dec 1998--Nov 2002
|
Dec 2002--Nov 2005
| |
|---|
| |
N = 209
|
N = 220
|
N = 119
| |
|---|
| |
Cases
|
Deaths (% CFR)
|
Cases
|
Deaths (% CFR)
|
Cases
|
Deaths (% CFR)
|
Cases
|
Deaths (% CFR)
|
|---|
|
Age category
| | | | | | | | |
|
<30 days
|
4
|
3 (75.0)
|
1
|
1 (100)
|
0
|
--
|
5
|
4 (80)
|
|
30-364 days
|
76
|
53 (69.7)
|
86
|
42 (48.8)
|
22
|
10 (45.4)
|
184
|
105 (57.1)
|
|
1-4 years
|
23
|
13 (56.5)
|
19
|
6 (31.6)
|
13
|
8 (61.5)
|
55
|
27 (49.1)
|
|
5-14 years
|
38
|
2 (5.3)
|
39
|
6 (15.4)
|
21
|
2 (9.5)
|
98
|
10 (10.2)
|
|
15-49 years
|
56
|
18 (32.1)
|
65
|
11 (16.9)
|
46
|
10 (21.7)
|
167
|
39 (23.3)
|
|
50 years or older
|
12
|
7 (58.3)
|
10
|
3 (30)
|
17
|
8 (47.1)
|
39
|
18 (46.1)
|
|
Initial antibiotic therapy
| | | | | | | | |
|
Ampicillin or penicillin b
|
124
|
46 (37.1)
|
40
|
6 (15.0)
|
5
|
0 (0)
|
169
|
52 (30.8)
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
68
|
37 (54.4)
|
148
|
50 (33.7)
|
108
|
37 (34.3)
|
324
|
124 (38.3)
|
|
Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
|
1
|
0 (0)
|
20
|
5 (25)
|
1
|
0 (0)
|
22
|
5 (22.7)
|
|
Other/Unknown
|
16
|
12 (75)
|
12
|
9 (75)
|
5
|
1 (20)
|
33
|
22 (66.7)
|
|
Discordant therapy
c
| | | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
14
|
7 (50)
|
7
|
3 (42.9)
|
1
|
0 (0)
|
22
|
10 (45.5)
|
|
No
|
195
|
90 (46.2)
|
213
|
66 (30.9)
|
118
|
38 (32.2)
|
526
|
193 (36.7)
|
|
Pneumococcal isolate resistant to penicillin
d
|
29
|
17 (58.6)
|
37
|
18 (48.6)
|
23
|
9 (39.1)
|
92
|
44 (47.8)
|
-
a Study period was divided into three periods for the purposes of this analysis: empiric therapy containing a penicillin (December 1995-November 1998), transition period (December 1998-November 2002) and empiric therapy with ceftriaxone (December 2002-November 2005).
-
b Includes regimens with ampicillin in combination with chloramphenicol or an aminoglycoside. A small proportion of patients received crystalline penicillin G in place of ampicillin.
-
c Antibiotic therapy was defined as discordant when patients did not receive a β-lactam antibiotic for which the S. pneumoniae isolate was susceptible during the initial 24 hours of hospitalization.
-
d Defined as penicillin MIC >0.06 μg/ml for a pneumococcal isolate from a patient with meningitis.
