Table 5 Overall performance of indicators of meningitis among neonates and young infants in the validation period
From: Clinical indicators of bacterial meningitis among neonates and young infants in rural Kenya
Indicators | Number with indicator | Number with meningitis | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | PPV % | NPV % | N.N.LP* | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulging fontanel | 24 | 11 | 17.5 (9.5 to 25.4) | 99.1 (98.7 to 99.5) | 45.8 (25.0 to 67.0) | 96.5 (96.2 to 96.8) | 2 | 1 to 5 |
Convulsions or any of the above | 128 | 31 | 49.2(34.9 to 66.7) | 93.3(92.7 to 94.1) | 24.2 (17.2 to 32.8) | 97.7 (97.0 to 98.5) | 5 | 3 to 7 |
Axillary temp ≥ 39°C or any of the above | 187 | 34 | 54.0(38.1 to 73.0) | 89.4 (88.8 to 90.3) | 18.2(12.8 to 24.6) | 97.8(97.1 to 98.7) | 7 | 5 to 11 |
Agitation/irritability or any of the above | 205 | 35 | 55.7(39.7 to 74.6) | 88.3(87.6 to 89.1) | 17.1(12.2 to 22.9) | 97.9(97.1 to 98.7) | 7 | 5 to 11 |
History of fever or any of the above | 738 | 49 | 77.8(58.7 to 93.7) | 52.5 (51.2 to 53.1) | 6.6 (5.0 to 8.0) | 98.2 (96.6 to 99.5) | 21 | 15 to 35 |
One or more of the WHO suggested signs | 636 | 44 | 69.8 (50.8 to 92.1) | 59.1(58.3 to 60.1) | 6.9 (5.0 to 9.1) | 97.8 (96.5 to 99.4) | 28 | 18 to 61 |
One or more of the WHO suggested signs plus history of fever | 1,113 | 55 | 87.3(65.0 to 100) | 27 (26.0 to 27.5) | 4.9 (3.7 to 5.7) | 98 (94.5 to 100) | 42 | 24 to 154 |
All admissions | 1,512 | 63 | 100 | 0 | - | - | - | - |