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Table 2 Attack rates, incidence rates and predictors of first episodes of TD in a prospective cohort of 1202 travellers from the Netherlands to developing countries, October 2006 - October 2007

From: Incidence, risk factors and treatment of diarrhoea among Dutch travellers: reasons not to routinely prescribe antibiotics

   

≥ 1TD episode

Attack rate

Person-days of travel

Crude Incidence Rate per 100 travel days (95%CI)

Incidence Rate Ratio, univariate (95%CI)

P value

Incidence Rate Ratio, multivariate (95%CI)

P value

Total

 

1202

597

50%

23 959

2.49 (2.30 - 2.70)

    

Sex

          
 

Male

520

236

45%

10714

2.20 (1.94 - 2.50)

1.00

0.011

1.00

0.013

 

Female

682

361

53%

13245

2.73 (2.46 - 3.02)

1.24 (1.05 - 1.46)

 

1.23 (1.04 - 1.46)

 

Age group, years

         
 

18-30

394

220

56%

7663

2.87 (2.52 - 3.28)

1.00

0.023

1.00

0.058

 

31-45

379

171

45%

7846

2.18 (1.88 - 2.53)

0.76 (0.62 - 0.93)

 

0.78 (0.64 - 0.96)

 
 

46-80

429

206

48%

8450

2.44 (2.13 - 2.80)

0.85 (0.70 - 1.03)

 

0.87 (0.72 - 1.06)

 

Country of birth

          
 

Netherlands

1048

535

51%

20517

2.61 (2.40 - 2.84)

1.00

0.003

1.00

0.009

 

Other Western country

67

34

51%

1487

2.29 (1.63 - 3.20)

0.88 (0.62 - 1.24)

 

0.83 (0.59 - 1.18)

 
 

Non-Western country

87

28

32%

1955

1.43 (0.99 - 2.08)

0.55 (0.38 - 0.80)

 

0.58 (0.39 - 0.86)

 

Primary purpose of travel

         
 

Tourism

1030

518

50%

20306

2.55 (2.34 - 2.78)

1.00

0.005

1.00

0.032

 

Work or education

98

53

54%

1854

2.86 (2.18 - 3.74)

1.12 (0.85 - 1.49)

 

1.12 (0.84 - 1.51)

 
 

Visiting friends and/or relatives

74

26

35%

1799

1.45 (0.98 - 2.12)

0.57 (0.38 - 0.84)

 

0.63 (0.42 - 0.94)

 

Previous travel to a developing country

         
 

Never

223

118

53%

4178

2.82 (2.36 - 3.38)

1.00

0.109

  
 

1 to 5 times

698

351

50%

13881

2.53 (2.28 - 2.81)

0.90 (0.73 - 1.10)

   
 

6 times or more

281

128

46%

5900

2.17 (1.82 - 2.58)

0.77 (0.60 - 0.99)

   

Travel destination

         

Latin America

South America

202

88

44%

4483

1.96 (1.59 - 2.42)

1.00

< 0.0005

1.00

< 0.0005

 

Central America and Caribbean

120

66

55%

2014

3.28 (2.58 - 4.17)

1.67 (1.21 - 2.30)

 

1.54 (1.12 - 2.13)

 

Africa

Southern and Eastern Africa

184

85

46%

3804

2.24 (1.81 - 2.76)

1.14 (0.85 - 1.53)

 

1.10 (0.82 - 1.49)

 
 

Middle, Western and Northern Africa

111

62

56%

1747

3.55 (2.77 - 4.55)

1.81 (1.31 - 2.50)

 

1.93 (1.39 - 2.68)

 

Asia

South-Eastern and Eastern Asia

422

199

47%

8811

2.26 (1.97 - 2.60)

1.15 (0.90 - 1.48)

 

1.11 (0.87 - 1.43)

 
 

South-Central and Western Asia

127

79

62%

2063

3.83 (3.07 - 4.77)

1.95 (1.44 - 2.64)

 

1.94 (1.43 - 2.64)

 

Several regions

Several regions

33

15

46%

975

1.54 (0.93 - 2.55)

0.78 (0.45 - 1.36)

 

0.75 (0.44 - 1.30)

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