Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of NNHCA-IE with community-acquired IE and nosocomial IE among patients admitted to the Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan over a five-year period (2004 to 2009)
All | Group A: NNHCA-IE n = 30 | Group B: Community-acquired IE n = 148 | Group C: Nosocomial IE n = 22 | Group A vs B pvalue | Group A vs C pvalue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | ||||||
   Median (range) | 50 (19-92) | 67 (45-84) | 44 (19-88) | 78 (43-92) | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
Women, n (%) | 48 (24.0) | 13 (43.3) | 28 (18.9) | 7 (31.8) | 0.004 | 0.399 |
Prosthetic valve, n (%) | 18 (9.0) | 2 (6.7) | 15 (10.1) | 1 (4.5) | 0.741 | 1.000 |
Underlying diseases, n (%) | ||||||
   Predisposing heart condition | 49 (24.5) | 6 (20.0) | 40 (27.0) | 3 (13.6) | 0.423 | 0.717 |
   Diabetes mellitus | 52 (26.0) | 17 (56.7) | 25 (16.9) | 10 (45.5) | < 0.001 | 0.424 |
   Hypertension | 54 (27.0) | 20 (66.7) | 26 (17.6) | 8 (36.4) | < 0.001 | 0.030 |
   Heart failure | 35 (17.5) | 4 (13.3) | 25 (16.9) | 6 (27.2) | 0.789 | 0.290 |
   HIV infected | 10 (5.0) | 0 (0) | 10 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 0.216 | NA |
IVDU | 59 (29.5) | 0 (0) | 59 (40.0) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | NA |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 1 (0-2) | 4 (2-6) | 0 (0-1) | 2 (1-4) | < 0.001 | 0.06 |
   0-1 | 132 (66.0) | 3 (10.0) | 121 (81.8) | 8 (36.4) | ||
   2-3 | 34 (17.0) | 9 (30.0) | 19 (12.8) | 6 (27.3) | ||
   ≧4 | 34 (17.0) | 18 (60.0) | 8 (5.4) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Dental procedure | 9 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 8 (5.4) | 1 (4.5) | 0.193 | 0.423 |
Symptom duration, days, median (IQR) 1 | 5 (3-15) | 4 (2-7) | 7 (3-20) | NA | 0.031 | NA |
Symptoms, n (%) 1 | ||||||
   Constitutional | 142 (71.0) | 26 (86.7) | 104 (70.3) | 12 (54.5) | 0.065 | 0.010 |
   Cardiopulmonary | 65 (32.5) | 6 (20.0) | 50 (33.8) | 9 (40.9) | 0.138 | 0.100 |
   Neurological | 47 (23.5) | 4 (13.3) | 40 (27.0) | 3 (13.6) | 0.113 | 1.000 |
   Gastrointestinal | 14 (7.0) | 3 (10.0) | 8 (5.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.399 | 0.689 |
   Musculoskeletal | 24 (12.0) | 5 (16.7) | 19 (12.8) | 0 (0) | 0.563 | 0.065 |
Signs, n (%) 2 | ||||||
   Fever | 165 (82.5) | 28 (93.3) | 121 (81.8) | 16 (72.7) | 0.174 | 0.058 |
   Heart murmur | 83 (41.5) | 10 (33.3) | 68 (45.9) | 5 (22.7) | 0.204 | 0.404 |
   Skin lesions | 23 (11.5) | 3 (10.0) | 20 (13.5) | 0 (0) | 0.770 | 0.253 |
   Embolism | 98 (49.0) | 11 (36.7) | 82 (55.4) | 5 (22.7) | 0.061 | 0.282 |
   Altered consciousness | 34 (17.0) | 4 (13.3) | 28 (18.9) | 2 (9.1) | 0.468 | 1.000 |
   Shock | 20 (10.0) | 2 (6.7) | 16 (10.8) | 2 (9.1) | 0.742 | 1.000 |
Recognition on admission, n (%) 3 | 68/162 (42.0) | 5/30 (16.7) | 63/132 (47.7) | NA | 0.002 | NA |
Appropriate antibiotics on admission, n (%) 4 | 94/165 (57.0) | 13/30 (43.3) | 81/135 (60.0) | NA | 0.095 | NA |
Outcome | ||||||
   Antibiotic treatment duration, median days (IQR, n) 5 | 32 (28-41, n = 138) | 28 (27-40, n = 17) | 32 (28-42, n = 113) | 34 (30-40, n = 8) | 0.258 | 0.277 |
Hospital stay, median days (IQR, n) 5 | 37 (29-48, n = 131) | 46 (30-65, n = 17) | 37 (29-45, n = 114) | NA | 0.181 | NA |
In-hospital death | 50 (25.0) | 15 (50.0) | 26 (17.6) | 9 (40.9) | < 0.001 | 0.516 |