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Table 6 Univariate analysis of prognostic factors for sequelae of all cases and confirmed BM cases

From: Prognostic factors related to sequelae in childhood bacterial meningitis: Data from a Greek meningitis registry

  

All BM cases (n = 2382)

Confirmed cases (n = 1297)

Prognostic Factors

Sequelae/prognostic factor*

(%)

RR

(95% CI)

P-value

Sequelae/prognostic factor*

(%)

RR

(95% CI)

P-value

Clinical features at presentation

   Fever ≥ 38°C

Yes

33/1067

(3.1)

0.53

(0.19-1.46)

0.182

29/607

(4.8)

0.54

(0.17-1.69)

0.237

 

No

4/69

(5.8)

   

3/34

(8.8)

   

   Headache a

Yes

16/796

(2.0)

0.90

(0.33-2.42)

0.501

12/386

(3.1)

1.19

(0.34-4.15)

0.536

 

No

5/223

(2.2)

   

3/115

(2.6)

   

   Vomiting

Yes

25/1102

(2.3)

0.50

(0.30-0.82)

0.004

17/631

(2.7)

0.38

(0.21-0.68)

< 0.001

 

No

37/808

(4.6)

   

30/422

(7.1)

   

   Meningeal

Yes

22/1120

(2.0)

0.79

(0.32-1.92)

0.372

14/601

(2.3)

0.61

(0.23-1.68)

0.246

   signs b

No

6/240

(2.5)

   

5/132

(3.8)

   

   Haemorrhagic

Yes

7/859

(0.8)

0.17

(0.08-0.36)

< 0.001

6/505

(1.2)

0.17

(0.07-0.39)

< 0.001

   rash

No

66/1348

(4.9)

   

49/703

(7.0)

   

   Seizures

Yes

33/299

(11.0)

4.61

(2.88-7.38)

< 0.001

25/182

(13.7)

4.03

(2.37-6.85)

< 0.001

 

No

32/1338

(2.4)

   

25/734

(3.4)

   

   Bulging

Yes

33/390

(8.5)

2.80

(1.52-5.15)

< 0.001

26/256

(10.2)

2.32

(1.17-4.59)

0.012

   fontanelle c

No

14/463

(3.0)

   

11/251

(4.4)

   

   Grunting c

Yes

30/422

(7.1)

2.14

(1.17-3.92)

0.011

25/282

(8.9)

2.00

(1.00-3.98)

0.043

 

No

15/452

(3.3)

   

11/248

(4.4)

   

   Poor feeding

Yes

25/415

(6.0)

1.92

(1.16-3.17)

0.010

20/274

(7.3)

1.57

(0.89-2.76)

0.117

 

No

34/1081

(3.1)

   

26/558

(4.7)

   

   Shock

Yes

8/166

(4.8)

1.37

(0.66-2.84)

0.256

6/104

(5.8)

1.17

(0.51-2.71)

0.710

 

No

49/1392

(3.5)

   

38/772

(4.9)

   

   Coma

Yes

7/116

(6.0)

1.76

(0.81-3.79)

0.122

6/79

(7.6)

1.62

(0.71-3.73)

0.187

 

No

49/1427

(3.4)

   

37/791

(4.7)

   

Clinical features at day 3

   Fever

Yes

29/465

(6.2)

2.65

(1.63-4.32)

< 0.001

24/305

(7.9)

2.65

(1.50-4.68)

< 0.001

 

No

33/1404

(2.4)

   

21/707

(3.0)

   

   Headache a

Yes

4/119

(3.4)

3.08

(0.94-10.07)

0.073

3/64

(4.7)

5.5

(1.14-26.65)

0.049

 

No

8/733

(1.1)

   

3/352

(0.9)

   

   Vomiting

Yes

2/22

(9.1)

3.13

(0.81-12.09)

0.139

2/15

(13.3)

3.63

(0.95-13.79)

0.110

 

No

45/1548

(2.9)

   

31/843

(3.7)

   

   Meningeal

Yes

9/252

(3.6)

3.05

(1.25-7.41)

0.015

5/141

(3.5)

3.16

(0.93-10.77)

0.066

   signs b

No

10/853

(1.2)

   

5/446

(1.1)

   

   Haemorrhagic

Yes

1/264

(0.4)

0.11

(0.02-0.79)

0.002

1/152

(0.7)

0.15

(0.02-1.06)

0.025

   rash

No

42/1209

(3.5)

   

30/666

(4.5)

   

   Seizures

Yes

23/71

(32.4)

12.75

(7.89-20.59)

< 0.001

17/49

(34.7)

10.51

(6.03-18.33)

< 0.001

 

No

32/1259

(2.5)

   

23/697

(3.3)

   

   Bulging

Yes

19/109

(17.4)

4.77

(2.67-8.51)

< 0.001

13/78

(16.7)

2.86

(1.49-5.49)

0.001

   fontanelle c

No

22/602

(3.7)

   

20/343

(5.8)

   

   Grunting c

Yes

7/25

(28.0)

6.21

(3.03-12.72)

< 0.001

5/21

(23.8)

3.75

(1.60-8.77)

0.012

 

No

31/688

(4.5)

   

26/409

(6.4)

   

   Poor feeding

Yes

8/28

(28.6)

9.37

(4.80-18.27)

< 0.001

7/24

(29.2)

7.26

(3.50-15.04)

< 0.001

 

No

36/1180

(3.1)

   

26/647

(4.0)

   

   Shock

Yes

0/9

(0.0)

2.91

(0.44-19.10)

0.300

0/6

(0.0)

3.22

(0.51-20.42)

0.278

 

No

43/1250

(3.4)

   

31/699

(4.4)

   

   Coma

Yes

5/13

(38.5)

12.17

(5.73-25.86)

< 0.001

5/11

(45.5)

11.6

(5.50-24.45)

< 0.001

 

No

39/1234

(3.2)

   

27/689

(3.9)

   
  1. a Study population excludes children < 2 years old, b Study population excludes children < 1 year old, c study population excludes children ≥ 2 years old,
  2. * Prognostic factor population varies due to missing values
  3. Missing values ranged from 7.3% to 38.8%
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