Table 3 Studies of interventions to increase screening in both sexes, by sex (n = 5)

During

4018

16.8%

9068

13.2%

F

Roll out

5368

15.5%

12124

13.7%

NR

1.3 (1.2-1.4)

Morgan[21] 2009

Incentive

Before

2676

13.9%

6077

13.0%

During

4190

4.2%

8524

2.1%

M

Roll out

5588

3.4%

11333

2.1%

p = 0.05^A

2.0 (1.6-2.5)

Before

2833

3.0%

5529

1.7%

Merritt[20] 2007

Quality improvement program

F

Late-intervention

-*

10.2%^C

-*

-*

NR

1.5^B

Before

-*

6.7%^C

-*

-*

M

Late-intervention

-*

6.3%^C

-*

-*

NR

1.4^B

Before

-*

4.5%^C

-*

-*

F

During

-*

146^

-*

138^

NR

1.1^{B, D}

Armstrong[14] 2010

Doctor education

Before

-*

53^

-*

113^

M

During

-*

16^

-*

10^

NR

1.6^{B, D}

Before

-*

4^

-*

8^

Bilardi[16] 2009

Patient education

F

During

2002

6.4%

-*

-*

1.0^E

1.0 (0.8-1.2)

Before

1548

6.3%

-*

-*

M

During

995

3.0%

-*

-*

0.8^E

1.1 (0.7-2.0)

Before

752

2.7%

-*

-*

Schafer[23] 2002,

Quality improvement program

F

During

1092

43.8%

1299

15.6%

p < 0.01^F

2.8 (2.4-3.2)

Tebb[24] 2005

Before

80

5.0%

86

14.0%

M

During

990

44.9%

1024

15.1%

p < 0.01^G

3.0 (2.5-3.5)

Before

76

2.6%

61

7.0%