Table 1 Characteristics of 765 high-risk women at cohort enrolment, according to HIV-1 serostatus
Characteristic | HIV seronegative (N = 492) n (%) | HIV-1 seropositive (N = 273) n (%) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Age groups, years (N = 759) | |||
16-24 | 265 (54.1) | 53 (19.7) | <0.001b |
25-34 | 138 (28.2) | 124 (46.1) | |
≥35 | 87 (17.8) | 92 (34.2) | |
Education (N = 752) | |||
None | 189 (38.8) | 116 (44.8) | 0.19 |
Primary or above | 298 (61.2) | 149 (56.2) | |
Marital status (N = 754) | |||
Widowed | 14 (2.9) | 55 (20.8) | <0.001a |
Divorced/Separated | 70 (14.3) | 50 (18.9) | |
Married/cohabitating | 88 (18.0) | 58 (21.9) | |
Single | 317 (64.8) | 102 (38.5) | |
Age at first sex, median (IQR), years | 16 (15-18) | 16 (15-18) | 0.42b |
Number of sex partners in last week (N = 752) | |||
None | 110 (22.5) | 114 (43.2) | <0.001b |
1-9 | 309 (63.3) | 120 (45.5) | |
≥10 | 69 (14.1) | 30 (11.4) | |
Currently smoking (N = 759) | 25 (5.1) | 19 (7.0) | 0.30 |
Contraceptive use (N = 760) | |||
Other/None | 405 (83.2) | 249 (91.2) | 0.002 |
Hormonal contraception | 68 (14.0) | 19 (7.0) | |
Injectable contraception | 14 (2.8) | 5 (1.8) | |
Practices regular vaginal douching | 424 (86.2) | 222 (81.3) | 0.24 |
Condom use with clients/partners (N = 751) | |||
Sometimes/Never | 177 (36.0) | 98 (35.9) | |
Always | 315 (64.0) | 175 (64.1) | 0.98 |
Current genital warts | 8 (1.6) | 19 (7.0) | <0.001 |
Bacterial vaginosis (N = 718) | 178 (37.2) | 118 (49.2) | 0.003 |
Trichomonas vaginalis (N = 596) | 29 (7.2) | 19 (9.6) | 0.32 |
HSV-2 positive serology (N = 689) | 226 (49.6) | 204 (88.3) | <0.001 |
Current antiretroviral therapy (HAART) | 26 (9.5) | ||
CD4+ count, cells/μL : | |||
Not on HAART (N = 242) | |||
>500 | 81 (33.5) | 0.09a,e | |
200-500 | 105 (43.4) | ||
<200 | 56 (23.1) | ||
On HAART (N = 25) | |||
>500 | 4 (16.0) | ||
200-500 | 11 (44.0) | ||
<200 | 10 (40.0) | ||
Plasma HIV-1 RNA, log10 copies/mL d: | |||
Not on HAART (N = 233) | |||
≥2.48 | 204 (87.6) | <0.001a,e | |
<2.48 | 29 (12.4) | ||
On HAART (N = 24) | |||
≥2.48 | 7 (29.2) | ||
<2.48 | 17 (70.82) | ||
Cervical HPV-6 or -11 (N = 306)f | 13 (7.1) | 15 (12.2) | 0.13 |
LSIL (N = 306)f | 17 (9.4) | 48 (41.4) | <0.001 |
HSIL (N = 306)f | 1 (0.6) | 11 (9.5) |