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Table 4 Risk factors for all-cause hospitalization using Poisson regression among 737 HIV-exposed infants at 12 months of life in Pune, India

From: High Rates of All-cause and Gastroenteritis-related Hospitalization Morbidity and Mortality among HIV-exposed Indian Infants

 

Univariate

Multivariate

 

IRR

95% CI

P-value

IRR

95% CI

P-value

Infant Characteristics

   HIV status

      

HIV-infected

1.82

1.42-2.33

<0.001

1.52

1.14-2.02

<0.05

HIV-exposed, uninfected

1.00

     

   Female gender

0.73

0.60-0.90

<0.05

0.73

0.59-0.91

<0.05

   Gestational age

      

<37 weeks

1.93

1.48-2.52

<0.001

1.55

1.11-2.17

0.01

≥37 weeks

1.00

     

   APGAR at 5 minutes

1.01

1.001-1.008

0.02

1.00

1.00-1.01

0.16

   Birth weight

      

<2500 grams

1.35

1.09-1.67

<0.05

1.12

0.86-1.46

0.40

≥2500 grams

1.00

     

   Breastfeeding duration

      

<4 months

1.04

0.83-1.29

0.75

1.06

0.85-1.34

0.60

4 - 6 months

0.98

0.69-1.41

0.93

1.01

0.70-1.47

0.94

>6 months

1.00

     

   Cotrimoxazole use

      

WHO-guided

1.14

0.94-1.40

0.19

1.05

0.83-1.32

0.68

Non WHO-guided

1.00

     

   Extended-dose nevirapine

      

Yes

0.99

0.81-1.20

0.89

0.97

0.79-1.19

0.75

No

1.00

     

   Infant HAART†

      

Yes

2.20

1.37-3.53

<0.05

   

No

1.00

     

Maternal Characteristics

   Age (years)

1.06

1.03-1.09

<0.001

1.04

1.00-1.07

0.03

   Gravidity

1.11

1.00-1.22

0.04

1.04

0.93-1.16

0.49

   Marital status

      

Not married

1.26

0.71-2.24

0.43

   

Married

1.00

     

   Education

      

Primary (<6 years)

0.80

0.65-0.98

0.04

1.32

0.87-1.99

0.19

Secondary (6-10 years)

0.72

0.49-1.07

0.11

1.13

0.76-1.70

0.54

Tertiary (>10 years)

1.00

     

   Religion

      

Hindu

1.05

0.82-1.35

0.68

   

Non-Hindu

1.00

     

   Housewife

      

Yes

0.78

0.61-0.99

0.04

0.88

0.68-1.13

0.31

No

1.00

     

   Delivery type

      

Vaginal

1.22

0.93-1.59

0.15

   

Surgical

1.00

     

   Hemoglobin¥

      

Severe (<7 g/dl)

2.66

1.74-4.05

<0.05

1.24

0.85-1.83

0.27

Moderate (7-<10 g/dl)

1.21

0.92-1.60

0.17

1.18

0.93-1.51

0.17

Mild (10-11 g/dl)

1.32

1.04-1.67

0.02

1.22

0.89-1.66

0.22

Normal (>11 g/dl)

1.00

     

   CD4 cell count¥

      

<200 (cells/mm3)

1.93

1.40-2.67

<0.05

1.17

0.82-1.68

0.39

≥200 (cells/mm3)

1.00

     

   Viral load (Log 10)¥

      

≥5 log (copies/ml)

1.38

1.09-1.74

<0.05

1.15

0.89-1.47

0.28

<5 log (copies/ml)

1.00

     

   Maternal HAART†

      

Yes

1.55

1.15-2.09

<0.05

1.31

0.94-1.83

0.11

No

1.00

     

   Maternal AZT*

      

Yes

0.86

0.69 - 1.07

0.17

   

No

1.00

     

   Maternal NVP*

      

Yes

0.66

0.54-0.81

<0.05

0.85

0.68-1.07

0.16

No

1.00

     
  1. NOTES:
  2. †HAART use among HIV-infected mothers or infants at any time during the study. Infant HAART use was not included in the multivariate model as it was only applicable to HIV-infected infants.
  3. ¥Reported values are closed to delivery.
  4. *AZT = zidovudine for PMTCT, NVP = nevirapine (intrapartum, single-dose) for PMTCT.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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