Table 2 Antibiotic dosage and outcome data of eligible studies included in a meta-analysis of prolonged infusion versus intermittent infusion of β-lactams in hospitalized patients
Antibiotic Dose and Infusion Schedule | Number Randomized | Number Analyzed | Adverse Effects | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Antibiotic | Intermittent | Prolonged | Intermittent | Prolonged | Intermittent | Prolonged | Definition | Intermittent n, % | Prolonged n, % |
Angus 2000 | Ceftazidime | 40 mg/kg q8 h | 4 mg/kg/h over 24 h; 12 mg/kg LD over 30 min* | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | Not specified | NA | NA |
Bodey 1979 | Cefamandole | 3 g q6 h | 12 g over 24 h; 3 g LD over 30 min | 92 | 74 | 92 | 74 | Renal failure | 17 (18) | 14 (19) |
Buck 2005 | Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 4 g/0.5 g q8 h | 8 g over 24 h; 2 g LD over 60 min | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | Not specified | NA | NA |
Georges 2005 | Cefepime | 2 g q12 h | 2 g q12 h over 12 h | 24 | 26 | 24 | 26 | Bacterial superinfection | 4 (17) | 3 (12) |
Hanes 2000 | Ceftazidime | 2 g q8 h | 60 mg/kg over 24 h; 2 g LD over 30 min | 15 | 17 | 14 | 16 | Bacterial superinfection | 3 (22) | 7 (44) |
Kojika 2005 | Meropenem | 0.5 g q8 h | 0.5 g q8 h over 3 h | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Hepatotoxicity or renal failure | 0 | 0††† |
Lagast 1983 | Cefoperazone | 2 g q12 | 4 g over 24 h; 1 g LD over 15 min | 25 | 20 | 25 | 20 | Diarrhea, phlebitis, skin rash | NA | NA |
Lau 2006 | Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 3 g/0.375 g q6 h | 12 g/1.5 g over 24 h; 2 g LD over 30 min | 132 | 130 | 130 | 128 | Gastrointestinal and CNS disturbances | 115 (87) | 116 (89) |
Lubasch 2003 | Ceftazidime | 2 g q8 h | 2 g q12 h over 7 h; 2 g LD over 30 min | 40 | 41 | 40 | 41 | Gastrointestinal and CNS disturbances | NA | NA |
Merchant 2008 | Doripenem & Imipenem | Imipenem 500 mg q6 h min;1 g q8 h | Doripenem 500 mg q8 h over 4 h | 267 | 264 | 252 | 249 | Hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, rash, nausea | 21 (8) | 24 (10) |
Nicolau 2001 | Ceftazidime | 2 g q8 h | 3 g over 24 h; 1 g LD over 30 min | 19 | 22 | 18 | 17 | Diarrhea, rash | NA | NA |
Rafati 2006 | Piperacillin | 3 g q6 h | 8 g over 24 h; 2 g LD over 30 min | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | Not specified | NA | NA |
Roberts 2007 | Ceftriaxone | 2 g q24 h | 2 g over 24 h; 0.5 g LD as "bolus" | 28 | 29 | 28 | 29 | Renal failure | NA | NA |
Van Zanten 2006 | Cefotaxime | 1 g q8 h | 2 g over 24 h; 1 g LD over 30 min | 46 | 47 | 43 | 40 | Not specified | NA | NA |