Table 2 Risk factors for HSV-2 in semi-urban women in Kilifi, Kenya: univariate analysis

Age, years

15-19 (ref)

11

135

8.1

20-24

98

297

33.0

5.6

2.9

10.8

<0.001

25-29

90

209

43.1

8.5

4.3

16.7

<0.001

30-34

97

185

52.4

12.4

6.3

24.5

<0.001

Study group

DSS (ref)

181

563

32.1

VCT

115

263

43.7

1.6

1.2

2.2

<0.001

Marital status

Never married (ref)

42

242

17.4

Married monogamous

173

443

39.1

3.1

2.1

4.5

<0.001

Married polygamous

33

62

53.2

5.4

3.0

9.9

<0.001

Ever married

48

79

60.8

7.4

4.2

12.9

<0.001

Education

None or some primary (ref)

183

460

39.8

Completed primary

113

366

30.9

0.7

0.5

0.9

<0.008

Religion

Christian (ref)

160

508

31.5

Muslim

75

181

41.4

1.5

1.1

2.2

0.016

Other

61

137

44.5

1.7

1.2

2.6

<0.005

Ethnicity

Giriama (ref)

190

546

34.8

Chonyi

26

79

32.9

0.9

0.6

1.5

0.742

Other

80

201

39.8

1.2

0.9

1.7

0.207

Condom use

Never (ref)

209

499

41.9

At least sometimes

50

148

33.8

0.7

0.5

1.0

0.078

Casual partners in last year

No (ref)

179

471

38.0

Yes

57

115

49.6

1.6

1.1

2.4

0.024

Number of partners in last year

None (ref)

143

331

43.2

One

68

201

33.8

0.7

0.5

1.0

0.033

More than one

26

55

47.3

1.2

0.7

2.1

0.573

History genital ulcer

No (ref)

158

551

28.7

Yes

138

275

50.2

2.5

1.9

3.4

<0.001

Genital ulcer now

No (ref)

229

636

36.0

Yes

61

101

60.4

2.8

1.8

4.5

<0.001

HIV status

Negative (ref)

246

749

32.8

Positive

50

77

64.9

3.8

2.3

6.2

<0.001