From: Sequential multiplex PCR assay for determining capsular serotypes of colonizing S. pneumoniae
Year | Country | Age | Aim of the study | Isolates | Method | No of samples | Concordance * | Nb serotypes/groups | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plating | ||||||||||
2006 | USA | All | develop and validate the multiplex | IPD (blood) | multiplex PCR | 421 | 100% | 29 | [23] | |
2007 | Mozambique | < 15 years | adapted to African epidemiology | IPD (blood+CSF)/AOM | multiplex PCR | 153 | 91.50% | 29 | [21] | |
2007 | Brazil | < 5 years | adapted to Latin American epidemiology | IPD (blood+CSF)/pleural fluid | multiplex PCR | 147 | 94.60% | 30 | [25] | |
2010 | Spain | All | adapted to European epidemiology | IPD | multiplex PCR | 257 | 95.7% | 29 | [24] | |
No plating | ||||||||||
2008 | Italy | 0-14 years | PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens | IPD (blood+CSF)/pleural fluid | RT-PCR + multiplex PCR | 92 | NA | 31 | [35] | |
2009 | Gambia | All | detect multiple carriage | carriage | multiplex PCR | 279 | NA | 29 | [29] | |
2010 | USA | < 2 years | detect multiple carriage+low density | carriage | Broth enrichment + RT-PCR + multiplex PCR | 100 | NA | 40 | [28] | |
2008 | Bangladesh | ND | PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens | meningitis (CSF+isolates) | multiplex PCR on isolates and directly on CSF | 358 | NA | 56 | [26] | |
2010 | Burkina Faso and Togo | All | PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens | meningitis (CSF+isolates) | multiplex PCR on isolates and directly on CSF | 194 | NA | 29 | [27] |