Skip to main content

Table 1 Utilization and adaptation of the original multiplex published by Pai and colleagues

From: Sequential multiplex PCR assay for determining capsular serotypes of colonizing S. pneumoniae

 

Year

Country

Age

Aim of the study

Isolates

Method

No of samples

Concordance *

Nb serotypes/groups

Ref

Plating

          
 

2006

USA

All

develop and validate the multiplex

IPD (blood)

multiplex PCR

421

100%

29

[23]

 

2007

Mozambique

< 15 years

adapted to African epidemiology

IPD (blood+CSF)/AOM

multiplex PCR

153

91.50%

29

[21]

 

2007

Brazil

< 5 years

adapted to Latin American epidemiology

IPD (blood+CSF)/pleural fluid

multiplex PCR

147

94.60%

30

[25]

 

2010

Spain

All

adapted to European epidemiology

IPD

multiplex PCR

257

95.7%

29

[24]

No plating

          
 

2008

Italy

0-14 years

PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens

IPD (blood+CSF)/pleural fluid

RT-PCR + multiplex PCR

92

NA

31

[35]

 

2009

Gambia

All

detect multiple carriage

carriage

multiplex PCR

279

NA

29

[29]

 

2010

USA

< 2 years

detect multiple carriage+low density

carriage

Broth enrichment + RT-PCR + multiplex PCR

100

NA

40

[28]

 

2008

Bangladesh

ND

PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens

meningitis (CSF+isolates)

multiplex PCR on isolates and directly on CSF

358

NA

56

[26]

 

2010

Burkina Faso and Togo

All

PCR-based serotyping directly on clinical specimens

meningitis (CSF+isolates)

multiplex PCR on isolates and directly on CSF

194

NA

29

[27]

  1. * between conventional and PCR-based serotyping. IPD Invasive Pneumococcal Disease; CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid; AOM Acute Otitis Media; ND Not Determined; NA Not applicable (Studies use PCR to yield additional results compared to bacterial isolation and conventional serotyping, no concordance can be calculate