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Table 4 Vaccination histories in cases and control subjects, unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratios, and estimates of effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease according to influenza and noninfluenza periods.

From: Effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in people 60 years or older

   

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysis

Type of infection

No. of subjects

No. (%) of vaccinated

ORa (95% CI)

Effectiveness of vaccination % (95% CI)

ORb (95% CI)

Effectiveness of vaccination % (95% CI)

Within influenza period (January-April)

    

(c)

 

   Case patients

50

17 (34.0)

0.30 (0.12-0.73)

70% (27-88)

0.27 (0.08-0.85)

73% (15-92)

   Control subjects

100

55 (55.0)

p = 0.008

 

p = 0.025

 

Within non-influenza period (May-December)

    

(d)

 

   Case patients

38

17 (44.7)

0.38 (0.16-0.92)

62% (8-84)

0.37 (0.15-0.92)

63% (8-85)

   Control subjects

76

49 (64.5)

p = 0.032

 

p = 0.033

 
  1. NOTE: OR, odds ratio of vaccination versus no vaccination in cases and controls; CI, confidence interval.
  2. aMantel-Haenszel matched Odds Ratio.
  3. bMatched, adjusted Odds Ratio by conditional logistic regression model.
  4. c Adjusted for age, chronic heart disease and influenza vaccine in the prior Autumn.
  5. d Adjusted for age and diabetes mellitus.