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Table 1 Demographic information and laboratory findings in the 1737 cases with a microbiological diagnosis or markedly abnormal CSF.

From: Adult meningitis in a setting of high HIV and TB prevalence: findings from 4961 suspected cases

 

% *

n= 1737

Age (years)

Sex (% Male)

Neutrophils (×106/L)

Lymphocytes (×106/L)

Protein (g/dL)

Glucose (mmol/L)

Normal CSF %(n)

HIV +ve

%(n)

CD4 count

(cells/μL)

Cryptococcal

30%

(514)

34

(29-40)

50%

(257)

0 (0-3)

18 (3-73)

0.97

(0.5-1.7)

2.1

(1.3-2.8)

16%

(81)

99%

(337/339)

39

(18-85)

Tuberculous

13%

(227)

31

(27-40)

50%

(116)

4

(0-25)

60

(16-157)

2.09

(1.2-3.8)

1.4

(0.8-2.3)

5% (12)

94%

(126/134)

126

(61-201)

Bacterial**

4%

(68)

33

(30-42)

34%

(23)

29 (5-420)

46 (14-106)

5.0***

(2.7-5.0)

0.3*** (0.3-0.4)

4%

(3)

97%

(29/30)

287

(155-467).

Neurosyphilis

1%

(22)

39

(26-44)

64%

(14)

0

(0-1)

6

(1-64)

0.61

(0.4-1.0)

3.2

(2.5-3.6)

36%

(8)

----------

----------

Lymphocytic

31%

(539)

33

(27-41)

38%

(206)

0

(0-4)

49

(27-123)

1.3

(0.7-2.3)

2.6

(2.1-3.4)

----------

----------

----------

Mixed

7%

(114)

34

(28-44)

46%

(53)

30

(10-124)

36

(17-114)

1.4

(0.7-2.9)

2.3

(0.9-2.9)

----------

----------

----------

Pyogenic

4%

(75)

36

(27-42)

55%

(41)

103

(14-824)

3

(1.6-3.7)

0.84

(0.5-2.6)

3

(1.6-3.7)

-----------

----------

----------

Normocellular****

11%

(189)

35

(29-44)

49%

(93)

0

(0-0)

1

(0-3)

1.5

(1.1-2.6)

3.0

(2.1-3.8)

----------

----------

----------

  1. Definitions of lymphocytic, mixed, pyogenic and normo-cellular as defined in text.
  2. All results are medians plus inter-quartile range unless otherwise stated.
  3. *The denominator for the percentages expressed are the 1737 cases with markedly abnormal CSF cell counts, biochemistry and/or microbiological diagnoses. The cumulative percentage is over 100 as there were 11 mixed infections - 8 CM & TBM, 1 TBM & syphilis, 1 CM & syphilis, 1 CM and bacterial meningitis.
  4. ** 64 culture positive:Streptococcus pneumoniae 90% (57 of 64), Neisseria meningitides 3% (2 of 64), 1 × β-haemolytic group A Streptococcus, 1 × Enterobacter cloacii, 1 × Streptococcus viridans, 2 × Staphlococcus aureus. Four had gram stain only: 2 × gram negative diplococci, 2 × gram positive diplococci.
  5. ***Note the laboratory reported protein results up to 5.0 g/dL, and glucose results down to 0.3 mmol/L. Hence protein results of >5 g/dL and glucose results of <0.3 mmol/L were recorded as 5.0 and 0.3 respectively.
  6. ****Abnormal protein or glucose.
  7. Note CSF indices did not differ between initial and relapse episode.