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Table 3 Univariate GEE regression models of interval (days), probability of >9 and >6 months between viral load measurements

From: Regional differences in rates of HIV-1 viral load monitoring in Canada: Insights and implications for antiretroviral care in high income countries

 

Interval (days)

Gaps of >9 months

Gaps of >6 months

Covariates

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Region

      

   Quebec

24.1 (20.2, 28.0)

< .0001

1.65 (1.37, 1.98)

< .0001

1.71 (1.50, 1.96)

< .0001

   Ontario

25.6 (22.2, 28.9)

< .0001

1.77 (1.51, 2.08)

< .0001

2.14 (1.90, 2.41)

< .0001

   BC (reference)

0

 

1

 

1

 

Age (per 10 years)

-7.0 (-8.6, -5.3)

< .0001

0.70 (0.65, 0.76)

< .0001

0.76 (0.72, 0.81)

< .0001

Male

-12.9 (-16.9, -8.8)

< .0001

0.58 (0.50, 0.68)

< .0001

0.62 (0.55, 0.69)

< .0001

Caucasian

-2.1 (-6.6, 2.4)

0.36

0.78 (0.64, 0.95)

0.01

0.83 (0.71, 0.97)

0.02

Risk factor

      

   MSM

2.2 (-1.1, 5.6)

0.19

0.74 (0.61, 0.89)

< .01

0.86 (0.75, 0.97)

0.02

   IDU

18.5 (13.1, 23.9)

< .0001

2.06 (1.74, 2.44)

< .0001

1.80 (1.58, 2.04)

< .0001

   Heterosexual

14.3 (9.4, 19.3)

< .0001

1.55 (1.26, 1.89)

< .0001

1.57 (1.36, 1.81)

< .0001

   Endemic country

-0.1 (-6.3, 6.1)

0.98

1.05 (0.79, 1.39)

0.74

1.08 (0.89, 1.31)

0.44

   Blood products

6.3 (-3.8, 16.4)

0.22

0.93 (0.52, 1.65)

0.79

1.19 (0.76, 1.89)

0.45

Year of initiating cART

      

   >2004

-31.0 (-37.4, -24.6)

< .0001

0.36 (0.28, 0.46)

< .0001

0.49 (0.41, 0.57)

< .0001

   2001-2004

-18.4 (-24.7, -12.1)

< .0001

0.62 (0.52, 0.73)

< .0001

0.70 (0.61, 0.80)

< .0001

   2000 (ref.)

0

 

1

 

1

 

1st year of cART

-36.1 (-37.6, -34.6)

< .0001

0.15 (0.13, 0.18)

< .0001

0.27 (0.25, 0.30)

< .0001

Type of cART

      

   NNRTI-based

0

 

1

 

1

 

   Boosted PI-based

-16.7 (-20.0, -13.4)

< .0001

0.76 (0.64, 0.89)

< .001

0.71 (0.63, 0.80)

< .0001

   Single PI-based

5.4 (-0.3, 11.0)

0.06

1.37 (1.12, 1.68)

< .01

1.19 (1.02, 1.40)

0.03

   Other cART

6.2 (-0.2, 12.6)

0.06

1.17 (0.89, 1.53)

0.26

1.05 (0.86, 1.27)

0.65

Boosted PI (Y/N)

-18.3(-21.4, -15.2)

< .0001

0.70 (0.60, 0.81)

< .0001

0.68 (0.61, 0.76)

< .0001

On cART at current visit

-32.2 (-34.9, -29.6)

< .0001

0.31 (0.28, 0.35)

< .0001

0.38 (0.35, 0.42)

< .0001

On cART at previous visit

-12.4 (-14.5, -10.3)

< .0001

0.58 (0.52, 0.65)

< .0001

0.65 (0.61, 0.70)

< .0001

Baseline CD4 count

      

   >350 cells/mm3

12.7 (7.8, 17.7)

< .0001

1.43 (1.19, 1.72)

< .001

1.51 (1.31, 1.74)

< .0001

   200-350 cells/mm3

2.7 (-0.7, 6.1)

0.12

0.94 (0.80, 1.10)

0.44

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.57

   < 200 cells/mm3 (ref.)

0

 

1

 

1

 

Baseline VL < 50 copies/mL

17.3 (7.2, 27.3)

< .001

1.17 (0.82, 1.67)

0.38

1.47 (1.13, 1.90)

< .01

Baseline VL (log10 copies/mL)

-7.2 (-9.2, -5.3)

< .0001

0.85 (0.79, 0.91)

< .0001

0.84 (0.79, 0.88)

< .0001

VL <50 copies/mL at previous test

18.3 (16.5, 20.0)

< .0001

0.71 (0.64, 0.78)

< .0001

1.18 (1.11, 1.26)

< .0001

VL (log10 copies/mL) at previous visit

-3.1 (-3.9, -2.3)

< .0001

1.23 (1.18, 1.28)

< .0001

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

0.24

AIDS defining illness

-14.1 (-17.5, -10.6)

< .0001

0.53 (0.42, 0.68)

< .0001

0.59 (0.50, 0.70)

< .0001

Hepatitis C co-infection

17.9 (13.0, 22.7)

< .0001

2.45 (2.06, 2.91)

< .0001

1.98 (1.74, 2.26)

< .0001

Positive for HCV antibodies

14.0 (9.3, 18.7)

< .0001

2.13 (1.81, 2.50)

< .0001

1.64 (1.45, 1.85)

< .0001

  1. MSM = men who have sex with men, IDU = injection drug use, cART = combination antiretroviral therapy, NNRTI = non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI = protease inhibitor, VL = viral load, HCV = hepatitis C virus
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BMC Infectious Diseases

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