High levels of T lymphocyte activation in Leishmania-HIV-1 co-infected individuals despite low HIV viral load

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Clinical and laboratorial characteristics of HIV-1 co-infected leishmaniasis patients and control groups.

Parameters	AVL/HIV-1 patients (n = 9)	ATL/HIV-1 patients (n = 8)	HIV-1 infected* (n = 16)	Healthy subjects (n = 8)
Age, years, (median)	38 (35-50)^a	44 (38-54)^b	39 (33-49)^c	26 (25-30)^abc
Male sex, n, (%)	9 (100)^d	8 (100)^e	15 (94)^f	4 (50)^def
CD4⁺T Cell count, cells/mm³	62 (52-127)^g	404 (294-597)^h	380 (223-450)ⁱ	1,106 (957-1,300)^ghi
Current AIDS diagnosis, Number of cases (%)	9 (100)	6 (75)	8 (50)	----
Time of clinical remission of leishmaniasis, months	8 (6-12)	11 (7.5-14)	----	----
Patients with undetectable viremia, (%)	5 (55.6)	4 (50)	9 (56.2)	----
Viral load levels of patients with detectable viremia, copies/mL	142,240 (24,025-279,321)	6,200 (2,012-78,176)	12,010 (2,000-136,625)	----

N = number, AVL - American visceral leishmaniasis, ATL - American tegumentary leishmaniasis *HIV-1 infected patients without leishmaniasis Note: Data are median (interquartile range) values, except for current AIDS diagnosis.
Patients × Health subjects (a - p < 0.001; b/c - p < 0.01; d/e/f × def - p < 0.05), g/h/i × ghi - p < 0.001; g × h - p < 0.01; g × i - p < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2334