Factors associated with mortality in patients with tuberculosis

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 2 All-cause mortality using proportional hazards model including time stratified effects for income, provider, and therapy

Variable	HR	95% CI	p
Age (year)	1.05	1.05, 1.06	<0.001
Male	1.5	1.2, 2.0	0.001
Race/ethnicity
Asian	Reference	-------	------
Black	0.7	0.4, 1.2	0.22
Hispanic	0.9	0.5, 1.4	0.56
Native American	1.1	0.6, 2.0	0.70
White	1.2	0.8, 1.8	0.45
U.S. Born	1.7	1.2, 2.5	0.008
Foreign-born, U.S. resident <2 years*	0.4	0.3, 0.7	<0.001
HIV-positive†	4.2	2.8, 6.2	<0.001
Major site of Disease
Pulmonary	Reference	-------	------
Lymphatic	1.0	0.6, 1.5	0.82
Bone or joint/Genitourinary/Peritoneal	1.1	0.7, 1.7	0.62
Miliary/meningeal	1.3	0.8, 2.1	0.31
Other	0.7	0.3, 1.7	0.48
Radiographic cavitary disease	1.1	0.8, 1.6	0.44
Drug susceptibility\|\|
INH susceptible	1.0	0.6, 1.7	0.99
Streptomycin susceptible	1.7	0.8, 3.7	0.18
Previous history of TB	1.0	0.7, 1.6	0.84
Alcohol abuse	1.2	0.8, 1.7	0.41
Intravenous drug use	1.4	0.8, 2.2	0.24
Homelessness	0.9	0.6, 1.2	0.41
Long-term care resident	1.1	0.7, 1.7	0.76
Income ($5000)
First year	0.9	0.9, 1.0	0.05
After first year	1.0	0.9, 1.0	0.25
Private provider only
Within 1 year of TB diagnosis	5.1	3.5, 7.3	<0.001
More than 1 year after TB diagnosis	1.1	0.7, 1.5	0.77
Directly observed therapy
Within 1 year of TB diagnosis	3.0	1.9, 4.5	<0.001
More than 1 year after TB diagnosis	1.0	0.7, 1.4	0.94
Year of diagnosis after 1999	1.0	0.8, 1.3	0.97

*Reference is immigration more than 2 years prior to TB diagnosis
†Reference category is HIV-negative or unknown
||Compared to INH and streptomycin susceptible isolates, respectively. Other resistance patterns not included in the model due to limited numbers of isolates.

ISSN: 1471-2334