Table 1 Person-years, deaths and death rates by selected baseline characteristics
From: Factors associated with mortality in patients with tuberculosis
Characteristics | N (%) (total = 3451) | Person- years | Mortality Rate | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years: median (SD) | 45 (21) | Â | Â | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Female | 1349 (39.1) | 8183 | 12.3 | 10.2-15.0 |
   Male | 2102 (60.9) | 12585 | 21.7 | 19.3-24.4 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Asian/Pacific Islander | 1321 (38.2) | 8159 | 10.3 | 8.3-12.8 |
   Black | 438 (12.7) | 2316 | 13.4 | 9.4-19.0 |
   Caucasian | 982 (28.5) | 5859 | 35.2 | 30.7-40.3 |
   Latino | 502 (14.5) | 3097 | 7.8 | 5.2-11.6 |
   Native American | 179 (5.2) | 1093 | 23.8 | 16.2-34.9 |
   Unknown | 29 (0.8) | 204 | 14.7 | 4.7-45.6 |
HIV Status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Negative | 1976 (57.2) | 11753 | 11.7 | 9.9-13.8 |
   Positive | 166 (4.8) | 905 | 44.2 | 32.4-60.2 |
   Unknown | 1309 (37.9) | 8109 | 24.2 | 21.1-27.9 |
Major site of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Pulmonary/pleural | 2652 (76.8) | 16134 | 18.6 | 16.6-20.8 |
   Lymphatic | 425 (12.3) | 2459 | 11.0 | 7.5-16.0 |
   Bone-joint/GU/Peritoneal | 206 (5.9) | 1264 | 19.8 | 13.4-29.3 |
   Miliary/Meningeal | 92 (2.7) | 515 | 33.0 | 20.5-53.1 |
   Other | 76 (2.2) | 395 | 5.3 | 5.3-30.4 |
Site of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Pulmonary | 2288 (66.3) | 14229 | 18.3 | 16.2-20.6 |
   Extrapulmonary | 837 (24.2) | 4887 | 13.3 | 10.4-17.0 |
   Both | 326 (9.4) | 1652 | 29.7 | 22.4-39.3 |
Sputum Smear | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Positive | 1218 (35.3) | 7150 | 20.6 | 17.5-24.2 |
   Negative | 1290 (37.4) | 7426 | 16.3 | 13.6-19.5 |
   Not applicable/missing | 943 (27.3) | 6191 | 17.1 | 14.2-20.7 |
Chest x-ray | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cavitary | 626 (18.1) | 3769 | 15.1 | 11.7-19.6 |
   Non-cavitary | 2237 (64.8) | 13107 | 20.0 | 17.7-22.6 |
   Unknown | 588 (17.0) | 3891 | 14.1 | 10.9-18.4 |
Isoniazid susceptibility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Resistant | 281 (8.1) | 1713 | 11.7 | 7.5-18.1 |
   Susceptible | 2529 (73.3) | 14856 | 20.1 | 17.9-22.5 |
   Unknown | 641 (18.6) | 4199 | 13.3 | 10.3-17.3 |
Streptomycin susceptibility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Resistant | 241 (7.0) | 1432 | 7.0 | 3.8-13.0 |
   Susceptible | 2530 (73.3) | 15062 | 20.2 | 18.0-22.6 |
   Unknown | 680 (19.7) | 4274 | 14.0 | 10.9-18.1 |
Previous TB | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3168 (91.8) | 19245 | 17.3 | 15.5-19.2 |
   Yes | 211 (6.1) | 1210 | 27.3 | 19.4-38.4 |
   Unknown | 72 (2.1) | 313 | 28.8 | 15.0-55.3 |
Excess alcohol use | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 2924 (84.7) | 17558 | 16.3 | 14.6-18.4 |
   Yes | 346 (10.0) | 1849 | 29.7 | 22.8-38.7 |
   Unknown | 181 (5.2) | 1360 | 23.5 | 16.6-33.3 |
Injection drug use | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3090 (89.5) | 19108 | 17.5 | 15.8-19.5 |
   Yes | 170 (4.9) | 395 | 32.9 | 19.1-56.7 |
   Unknown | 191 (5.5) | 1264 | 20.6 | 14.0-30.2 |
Correctional facility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3373 (97.7) | 20240 | 18.1 | 16.3-20.0 |
   Yes | 93 (2.7) | 397 | 15.1 | 6.8-33.6 |
Homeless | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3073 (89.0) | 18790 | 17.0 | 15.3-19.0 |
   Yes | 352 (10.2) | 1788 | 28.0 | 21.2-36.9 |
   Unknown | 26 (0.8) | 170 | 17.7 | 5.7-54.7 |
Long-term care | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3358 (97.3) | 20341 | 17.1 | 15.4-19.0 |
   Yes | 93 (2.7) | 397 | 65.2 | 44.4-95.8 |
Therapy type | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Directly observed therapy | 2116 (61.3) | 11794 | 19.2 | 16.8-21.8 |
   Self-administered therapy | 854 (24.7) | 6596 | 17.7 | 14.8-21.3 |
   Both | 391 (11.3) | 1977 | 11.6 | 7.7-17.5 |
   Unknown | 90 (2.6) | 401 | 20.0 | 10.0-39.9 |
Health care provider type | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Health department | 1864 (54.0) | 11727 | 10.3 | 8.6-12.3 |
   Private | 656 (19.0) | 4081 | 32.6 | 27.5-38.6 |
   Both | 880 (25.5) | 4681 | 24.4 | 20.3-29.3 |
   Unknown | 51 (1.5) | 206 | 21.5 | 9.7-47.9 |
Immigration status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   U.S.-born | 1283 (37.2) | 7546 | 34.5 | 30.5-38.9 |
   Foreign-born | 2168 (62.8) |  |  |  |
U.S. resident ≥2 years | 1208 (55.7) | 14332 | 24.5 | 22.1-27.2 |
U.S. resident <2 years | 960 (44.3) | 6436 | 3.6 | 2.4-5.4 |