Tracing the origins and signatures of selection of antifolate resistance in island populations of Plasmodium falciparum

Table 1 Allele and genotype frequencies of dhfr and dhps genes in Plasmodium falciparum of STP

Island	Site	Mutations						Genotypes
			dhfr			dhps		dhfr				dhps			dhfr/dhps
			N51I	C59R	S108N	A437G	K540E	WT	single	double	triple	WT	single	double	quintuple
Príncipe	Rua dos Trabalhadores	wild type	0.00	0.43	0.00	0.00	0.88
		mutant	1.00	0.57	1.00	0.88	0.13	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.00	0.88	0.13	0.00
		mixed	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.00
		N	8	7	9	8	8	6				8			5
S. Tomé	Ribeira Afonso	wild type	0.00	0.36	0.00	0.05	0.90
		mutant	0.97	0.56	0.97	0.82	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.32	0.68	0.05	0.86	0.10	0.18
		mixed	0.03	0.08	0.03	0.14	0.05
		N	29	25	29	22	21	19				21			11
	Neves	wild type	0.08	0.48	0.00	0.23	1.00
		mutant	0.89	0.44	1.00	0.67	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.55	0.45	0.23	0.77	0.00	0.00
		mixed	0.03	0.07	0.00	0.10	0.00
		N	37	27	31	30	32	22				30			18
	Neves II	wild type	0.00	0.39	0.05	0.11	0.98
		mutant	0.96	0.57	0.93	0.80	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.40	0.60	0.10	0.88	0.02	0.00
		mixed	0.04	0.04	0.01	0.09	0.02
		N	73	46	76	64	60	40				60			30
	Angolares	wild type	0.02	0.30	0.00	0.18	0.84
		mutant	0.98	0.60	1.00	0.80	0.09	0.00	0.03	0.29	0.66	0.18	0.66	0.16	0.09
		mixed	0.00	0.10	0.00	0.02	0.07
		N	41	50	47	44	45	38				44			33
	Angolares II	wild type	0.00	0.18	0.03	0.07	0.78
		mutant	1.00	0.73	0.93	0.89	0.21	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.80	0.07	0.71	0.22	0.19
		mixed	0.00	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.02
		N	63	60	71	55	58	50				55			32
STP	All samples	wild type	0.02	0.32	0.02	0.12	0.89
		mutant	0.96	0.60	0.96	0.81	0.08	0.00	0.01	0.33	0.66	0.12	0.78	0.11	0.09
		mixed	0.02	0.07	0.02	0.07	0.03
		N	251	215	263	223	224	175				218			129

ISSN: 1471-2334