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Table 2 Comparison of antibiotic therapy for CAL and HAL.

From: Clinical features and predictors of mortality in admitted patients with community- and hospital-acquired legionellosis: A Danish historical cohort study

 

CAL

HALa

 

Variables

No. (%) of episodes

No. (%) of episodes

p-valueb

Initial antibiotic therapy

   

Use of an anti-legionella antibioticc

34 (12.5)

5 (8.3)

0.38

Use of >1 antibiotic (± anti-legionella antibiotics)

54 (19.9)

20 (33.3)

0.14

Penicillin monotherapy

144 (52.9)

16 (26.7)

<0.001*

Anti-legionella antibiotic treatment

   

Anti-legionella antibiotic ≤ 24 hoursd

48 (17.6)

6 (10.0)

x

Anti-legionella antibiotic > 24 hoursd

201 (73.9)

42 (70.0)

x

No anti-legionella antibiotic during admission

18 (6.6)

7 (11.7)

0.24

Delay of anti-legionella therapy (median and IQR)

   

Days from admission

2 (1-4)

X

x

Days from symptom onset

7 (5-11)

7 (3-12)

0.29

Duration of anti-legionella therapy (median and IQR)

   

Died in hospital

7 (2-13)

6 (2-13)

0.79

Discharged alive

21 (14-23)

20 (13-27)

0.65

Antibiotics used during admission

   

Macrolide monotherapye

87 (32.0)

18 (30.0)

0.97

Fluoroquinolone monotherapyf

4 (1.5)

3 (5.0)

0.07

Macrolide + Rifampicin

39 (14.3)

5 (8.3)

0.26

Fluoroquinolone + Rifampicin

11 (4.0)

3 (5.0)

0.67

Macrolide + Fluoroquinolone

44 (16.2)

9 (15.0)

0.95

Macrolide + Fluoroquinolone + Rifampicin

67 (24.6)

15 (25.0)

0.77

No anti-legionella therapy

18 (6.6)

7 (11.7)

0.18

Oral anti-legionella therapy only

   

Yesg

22 (8.1)

3 (5.0)

0.40

No

247 (90.8)

57 (95.0)

0.40

  1. a A case was defined as hospital-acquired if the patient had been admitted within the preceding 10 days or if the patient developed
  2. symptoms of legionellosis more than 2 days after hospital admission.
  3. b Differences between the groups were analyzed with χ2 or Fisher's exact test as appropriate for categorical variables.
  4. Continuous variables were compared using two-sample t-test (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U-test (non-normal distribution).
  5. c Anti-legionella antibiotics include macrolides, quinolones, rifampicin and tetracyclines.
  6. d For community-acquired cases time from admission. For hospital-acquired cases time from beginning of symptoms.
  7. No comparison between groups for these variables since baseline was defined in different ways.
  8. e The macrolides were either erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin or azithromycin
  9. with the most commonly used being intravenous erythromycin
  10. f Primarily intravenous ciprofloxacin
  11. g Most commonly used anti-legionella drug adminstered orally was roxithromycin
  12. * P-level < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
  13. IQR: Interquartile range