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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with community-acquired (CAL) and hospital-acquired legionellosis (HAL).a

From: Clinical features and predictors of mortality in admitted patients with community- and hospital-acquired legionellosis: A Danish historical cohort study

 

CAL

HALb

 

Characteristic

No. (%) (n = 272)c

No. (%) (n = 60)c

p-valued

Demographics

   

Male sex

181 (66.5)

33 (55.0)

0.09

Age, median years (IQR)

57 (50-70)

67 (57-74)

0.003*

Age group

  

0.002*

≤ 65 years

185 (68.0)

28 (46.7)

 

> 65 years

87 (32.0)

32 (53.3)

 

Exposure

   

Associated with travelling to another countrye

92 (33.8)

0 (0)

<0.001*

Exposure to air-conditioning

33 (12.1)

0 (0)

0.004*

Part of a possible outbreak of legionnaires' disease

2 (0.7)

1(1.7)

0.49

Comorbid illnesses

   

Charlson Comorbidity Index

  

<0.001*

= 0

170 (62.5)

13 (21.7)

 

= 1

61 (22.4)

12 (20.0)

 

≥ 2

41 (15.1)

35 (58.3)

 

Current smoker

147 (54.0)

17 (28.3)

0.002*

Current alcohol abuse

30 (11.0)

7 (11.7)

0.65

Selected symptoms and signs

   

Temperature >39.5°C

143 (52.6)

7 (11.7)

<0.001*

Depressed consciousness

64 (23.5)

5 (8.3)

0.17

X-ray findings

   

Abnormal chest X-ray

250 (91.9)

48 (80.0)

0.001*

Unilateral infiltrate

188 (69.1)

37 (61.7)

0.20

Bilateral infiltrates

54 (19.9)

9 (15.0)

0.36

Severity of illness

   

Pneumonia severity index (PSI) risk class

  

0.74

I

19 (7.0)

3 (5.0)

 

II

65 (23.9)

18 (30.0)

 

III

76 (27.9)

15 (25.0)

 

IV

95 (34.9)

19 (31.7)

 

V

15 (5.5)

5 (8.3)

 

CURB-65 score

  

0.62

O

119 (43.8)

21 (35.0)

 

I

98 (36.0)

23 (38.3)

 

II

39 (14.3)

12 (20.0)

 

III

10 (3.7)

3 (5.0)

 

IV

2 (0.7)

1 (1.7)

 

Diagnosis

   

Duration of in-hospital symptoms to relevant diagnostic test for legionellosis, median (IQR)

3 (1-5)

7.5 (4-15.5)

<0.001*

Duration of in-hospital symptoms to diagnosis of legionellosis, median (IQR)

5.5 (4-9)

12 (7-17)

<0.001*

  1. a See additional file 1 for more baseline characteristics
  2. b Defined as hospital-acquired if the patient had been admitted within the preceding 10 days or if the patient developed symptoms
  3. of legionellosis more than 2 days after hospital admission.
  4. c Totals may not add up to 100% due to missing values
  5. d Differences between the groups were analyzed with χ2 or Fisher's exact test as appropriate for categorical variables.
  6. Continuous variables were compared using two-sample t-test (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U-test (non-normal distribution).
  7. e Defined as possible travel-associated if the patient had travelled to a foreign country within 10 days of onset of symptoms.
  8. IQR: Interquartile range.
  9. * P-level < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.