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Table 1 Risk factors associated with primary HHV-8 infection.

From: Primary gamma-herpesviral infection in Zambian children

  

Unadjusted Analysis

Adjusted Analysisb

 

Positive/Total No.a

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

Socio-Demographic Characteristics

    

Gender

     

   - Male

41/347

0.20

0.75 (0.48 - 1.17)

  

   - Female

50/330

 

Reference

  

Ethnic Group

     

   - Nyanja

45/308

0.17

1.47 (0.85 - 2.56)

  

   - All others

25/167

0.19

1.52 (0.82 - 2.82)

  

   - Bemba

21/202

 

Reference

  

Mothers Education

     

   - 0-7 years

45/348

0.69

0.91 (0.59 - 1.42)

  

   - 8 or more years

46/329

 

Reference

  

Mothers Employment

     

   - Unemployed

78/566

0.60

0.85 (0.45 - 1.59)

  

   - Employed

13/109

 

Reference

  

Monthly Income

     

   - less than 100,000 ZMK

42/309

0.92

0.66 - 1.59)

  

   - more than 100,000 ZMK

49/368

 

Reference

  

Household members

     

   - 6 or more

32/247

0.80

0.94 (0.59 - 1.50)

  

   - 2 to 5

57/418

 

Reference

  

HIV infection (mother)

     

   - Positive

30/149

0.01

1.93 (1.19 - 3.12)

0.66

1.14 (0.63 - 2.08)

   - Negative

61/528

 

Reference

 

Reference

Child Characteristics c

    

Birth weight of child

     

   - less than 3.2 Kg

53/430

0.24

0.76 (0.49 - 1.20)

  

   - more than 3.2 Kg

38/244

 

Reference

  

Diarrhea

     

   - Ever

36/238

0.32

1.26 (0.80 - 1.99)

  

   - Never

54/436

 

Reference

  

Fever

     

   - Ever

38/270

0.65

1.11 (0.71 - 1.74)

  

   - Never

52/404

 

Reference

  

Cough

     

   - Ever

52/371

0.58

1.14 (0.73 - 1.78)

  

   - Never

38/303

 

Reference

  

Rashes

     

   - Ever

28/143

0.01

1.84 (1.13 - 3.01)

0.10

1.54 (0.92 - 2.56)

   - Never

62/531

 

Reference

 

Reference

Malaria

     

   - Ever

11/78

0.84

1.07 (0.54 - 2.12)

  

   - Never

79/596

 

Reference

  

HIV infection (child)

     

   - Positive

16/41

<0.001

4.79 (2.44 - 9.38)

0.002

3.69 (1.64 - 8.32)

   - Negative

75/636

 

Reference

 

Reference

EBV infection

     

   - Positive

63/399

0.03

1.67 (1.04 - 2.69)

0.14

1.45 (0.89 - 2.36)

   - Negative

28/278

 

Reference

 

Reference

Antibiotics

     

   - Ever

68/475

0.26

1.34 (0.81 - 2.24)

  

   - Never

22/199

 

Reference

  

Traditional therapy

     

   - Yes

12/61

0.13

1.68 (0.86 - 3.30)

  

   - No

78/613

 

Reference

  

Multivitamin use

     

   - Ever

7/32

0.15

1.89 (0.79 - 4.50)

  

   - Never

83/642

 

Reference

  
  1. OR- Odds Ratio, CI- Confidence Interval, ZMK- Zambian Kwacha.
  2. aTotal number may not add up to 677 in all categories due to missing values.
  3. bAdjusted analysis includes all variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 in the unadjusted analysis.
  4. cData on lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, oral thrush and hematinics use in the child were also analyzed but not shown in this table.
  5. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios to predict association between primary HHV-8 infection in a cohort of 677 children and socio-demographic characteristics and medical conditions in Lusaka, Zambia, 1998-2004.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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